Dramatic Irony in Hamlet Essay - 2946 Words

Dramatic irony in the Shakespearean tragedy Hamlet has long been the subject matter of literary critical reviews. This essay will exemplify and elaborate on the irony in the play. David Bevington in the Introduction to Twentieth Century Interpretations of Hamlet identifies one of the â€Å"richest sources of dramatic irony† in Hamlet: Well may the dying Hamlet urge his friend Horatio to â€Å"report me and my cause aright To the unsatisfied,† for no one save Horatio has caught more than a glimpse of Hamlet’s true situation. We as omniscient audience, hearing the inner thoughts of Claudius as well as of Hamlet and learning of Polonius’ or Laertes’ secret plottings with the king, should remember that we know vastly more than the play’s†¦show more content†¦George Lyman Kittredge, in his book, Five Plays of Shakespeare, describes the Bard’s excellent characterization of Claudius: King Claudius is a superb figure – almost as great a dramatic creation as Hamlet himself. His intellectual powers are of the highest order. He is eloquent – formal when formality is appropriate (as in the speech from the throne), graciously familiar when familiarity is in place (as is his treatment of the family of Polonius), persuasive to an almost superhuman degree (as in his manipulation of the insurgent Laertes) – always and everywhere a model of royal dignity. His courage is manifested, under the most terrifying circumstances, when the mob breaks into the palace. His self-control when the dumb show enacts his secret crime before his eyes is nothing less than marvelous. (xviii) The irony found in the characterization of the antagonist is balanced by an equal irony in the presentation of the protagonist. Hamlet is present at the court gathering -- dressed in black, the color of mourning, for his deceased father. He is not a man of the world, but rather demurring and thoughtful and by himself. His first words say that Claudius is A little more than kin and less than kind, indicating a dissimilarity in valuesShow MoreRelatedEssay about Dramatic Irony in Hamlet1199 Words   |  5 PagesDramatic Irony is Hamlet What is Dramatic Irony? -Dramatic Irony is when the words and actions of the characters in a work of literature are known to the audience or reader, but they are not known to certain characters in the story. The reader or audience has a greater knowledge of many of the characters themselves. -Shakespeare employs dramatic irony in many of his tragedies, so that the audience is engaged, and so they are able to witness characters errors in their action, predict the fateRead MoreWilliam Shakespeares Hamlet1172 Words   |  5 PagesHamlet is a complex story that uses many literary devices to help develop the characters in Hamlet. One dominant device is irony. The main plot of the story revolves around irony. Hamlet is a witty character and loves to use irony. Hamlet’s use of irony displays how he insults people, discovers useful information, and reveals his true character. The use of irony in this story helps to add depth to each character, which is why Hamlet is one of Shakespeare’s most complex stories. There are three typesRead MoreIrony in Hamlet970 Words   |  4 PagesIn Act 3, Scene 4, Hamlet is asked by his mother, Gertrude, to reveal what was making him act like he was crazy. Hamlet believes that Gertrude is truly having a heart to heart with him and really desires to put Hamlet’s troubles to ease. However, what Hamlet does not know is that Gertrude allows Polonius to hide being the arras to overhear their conversation for King Claudius. As the audience, we are aware that Polonius is in the room with Gertrude and Hamlet, but Hamlet is unaware of his presenceRead More Use of Irony in A Streetcar Named Desire and Hamlet Essay706 Words   |  3 Pages In both A Streetcar Named Desire and Hamlet, Tennessee Williams and William Shakespeare, respectively, demonstrate their abilities to create engaging plays which work on several levels in order to produce the desired effect. One of the most important characteristics of these plays is the playwrights success in using their words to create the worlds surrounding their works. Both Shakespeare and Williams effectively use irony in the aforementioned plays, both in the plot Read MoreThe Point Of The Gravediggers Riddles And Songs In Hamlet Analysis1331 Words   |  6 Pagesthe tragic and dramatic ending. The gravedigger sings, â€Å"In youth when I did love, did love, / Methought it was very sweet / To contract–o–the time, for–a–my behove, / Oh, methought, there–a–was nothing–a–meet. Has this fellow no feeling of his business? He / sings at grave- making.† (5.1.58-62). This is a weird scene since the man is singing happily, while doing something scary, digging graves. This is what causes comic relief to the readers. Describe the effect of dramatic irony in this scene.Read MoreUse of Soliloquies in Hamlet Essay941 Words   |  4 Pagesthe play Hamlet by William Shakespeare, the use of soliloquies allows the audience to know what the characters are feeling and what their pure motives are. They are also able to hear the characters’ thoughts directly. The character’s secrets are revealed only to the audience which gives way for irony to take a part in the play. Shakespeare uses soliloquies throughout the play enhance the story by making the personal thoughts and feelings of characters open to the audience, creating irony, and settingRead MoreTheme Of Irony In Hamlet732 Words   |  3 PagesIrony is a literary device that signifies the opposite of its intended meaning. It is used for humorous or emphatic effect. A rhetorical device that conveys a message that is clear to the audience but unknown to the character. There are three types of irony which include: 1). Dramatic irony : Occurs when the audience knows something that the characters do not. 2). Situational irony : Occurrence of unintended circumstances of events. 3). Verbal irony: Occurs when the speaker says the opposite ofRead MoreLiterary Techniques Of Hamlet By William Shakespeare1700 Words   |  7 Pages In the literary masterpiece Hamlet by William Shakespeare, the use of literary techniques contributes significantly to the development of the theme. The story of Hamlet belongs to a tradition of revenge tragedies that were familiar to the Elizabethan audiences. The theme of the play is: when one’s actions are tainted with corruption, their actions can result in others seeking revenge for the pleasures of gratification. The literary technique of parallelism contributes to the developmentRead MoreWilliam Shakespeare s A Midsummer Night s Dream, Macbeth, And Hamlet1157 Words   |  5 PagesAnne Hathaway in 1582 and had three children, two being twin girls. By 1597, Hamlet had begun to establish himself, and 15 out of the 37 plays he wrote were published. From then on, Shakespeare’s works continued to be published. Shakespeare is now said to be a famous English poet because of his works such as Romeo and Juliet, A Midsummer Night’s Dream, Macbeth, and Hamlet. Part Two: Analysis/ Theme The tragedy of Hamlet by William Shakespeare takes the reader on a journey throughout Hamlet’s manyRead MoreDramatic irony is when the audience or reader knows the words and actions of the characters in a600 Words   |  3 PagesDramatic irony is when the audience or reader knows the words and actions of the characters in a work of literature, but certain characters in the story do not know them. The reader or audience has a greater knowledge of many of the characters themselves. Shakespeare employs dramatic irony in many of his tragedies; so that the audience is engaged, and so they are able to witness characters errors in their action, predict the fate of the characters, and experience feelings of tragedy and grief. As

The Ue of Diet pills among adolescent girls Essay

The Use of Diet Pills among Adolescent Girls Dieting is a common occurrence in our country, but dieting is most common among adolescent girls. Since millions of Americans try to lose weight every year, many of them turn to weight-loss pills for help (MFMER 2004). Dieting may place the risk of using unhealthy weight control behaviors such as diet pills (Eisenberg, Neumark-Sztainer, Story, amp; Perry 2004). A study by the CDC showed that 10.9 percent of adolescent girls use diet pills as their weight-loss strategy (Eisenberg, Neumark-Sztainer, Story, amp; Perry 2004). The study showed that 10.9 percent of adolescent girls use diet pills as their weight-loss strategy (Eisenberg, Neumark-Sztainer, Story, amp; Perry 2004). The quest for†¦show more content†¦An unintended outcome of the current weight-centered approach toward health is that in the United States people, especially teenagers, are literally dying to be thin through weight-loss drugs (Cogan 1999). â€Å"Diverse adverse effects of weight-loss programs and dangerous weight-loss strategies such as prescription and over-the-counter diet pills, pose serious health risks (Cogan 1999). When taking a weight-loss supplement, the individual still has to eat fewer calories than burned in order to lose weight (MFMER 2004). Even if these products help you lose weight initially, the individual would have to continue taking the in order for the weight to stay off, which is neither practical nor safe (MFMER 2004). â€Å"A number of weight-loss aids are available at your local drugstore, supermarket, and health food store. Most haven’t been proved safe and effective, and some are downright dangerous.† (MFMER 2004) Research has suggested that social factors, including friends and broader cultural norms, may be associated with the onset of using diet pills among adolescents (Eisenberg, Neumark-Sztainer, Story, amp; Perry 2004). Researchers have begun to uncover the social factors that affect an adolescent’s decision to start taking diet pills as a weight-loss strategy (Eisenberg, Neumark-Sztainer, Story, amp; Perry 2004). These social factors include direct persuasion from parents, social norms from the media, and need toShow MoreRelated_x000C_Introduction to Statistics and Data Analysis355457 Words   |  1422 Pagesin Figure 1.4(a) by ââ€"  Data set available online 14 C h a p t e r 1 ââ€"   The Role of Statistics and the Data Analysis Process F i g u r e 1 . 3 A number line. F i g u r e 1 . 4 Possible val- –3 –2 –1 0 1 2 3 ues of a variable: (a) number of cylinders; (b) quartermile time. 0 2 4 (a) 6 8 0 5 10 (b) 15 20 the dots at the points marked 4, 6, and 8. These possible values are isolated from one another on the line; around any possible

Competition in the Golf Equipment Industry Free Essays

1. Discuss the trends in the golf equipment industry and how it may impact a company’s strategy. Ans: According to new the United States Golf Association (USGA), Golf equipment manufacturers are forced to launch the equipment within the limitation. We will write a custom essay sample on Competition in the Golf Equipment Industry or any similar topic only for you Order Now Therefore, the product differentiation is not quite high while recreational golfers do not enjoy playing due to lack of innovational equipment. Also, the USGA states that there are various factors that result in the declining of golfers such as: Game difficulty: Golf equipment manufacturers are forced to follow the new USGA rules, thus, recreational golfers are suffered from the limitation of golf equipments. They cannot enjoy playing golf as much as before while new golfers face the difficulty of playing. – Time consuming for practice: According to the limited innovation of golf equipment, golfers need lots of time to practice while they also have take responsibility to their job and spend time with their families. – High golf fee: Some golfers realize that golf fee is high, as a result, they  cannot practice frequently. . Discuss the importance of innovation, brand, performance, and price in the golf equipment industry. Ans: Good reputation and image can lead to br and loyalty. That’s why many brands use lots of advertising expenditure to promote their brands. As the leading sports brand in the world, Nike has a clear marketing advantage over its competitors. Nike spends some of their annual revenues on advertising to build strong brands by using celebrity endorsements aim to grow the market share in the golf segment. Golf product brand equity depends on the performance of its endorsed players. The performances of the professional golfers sponsored by each brand strongly relates to sales. Innovation in the golf industry is an important part of equipment adoption. Because of the fleeting life span of golf clubs, adoption of new drivers and putters is critical to any golf equipment manufacturer’s strategy. Performance in golf equipment is closely tied to PGA professionals and well known amateurs who use certain clubs and brands to help promote the value of the equipment. Counterfeit golf equipment has continued to impact pricing of golf equipment by being sold worldwide which s a threat to the golf industry because the counterfeits can be sold much less than the originals. Callaway’s strength has been its line of Big Bertha drivers and the acquisition of the Top-Flite Golf company which allowed Callaway to manufacturer popular golf ball equipment. The weakness has been the golf club business which has lost money according to third quarter reporting. The financia l report shows a 28% of net sales in the third quarter of 2010 as compared to 31% of net sales in 2009 third quarter. TaylorMade’s strength has been its improvement to the drivers namely the r5 and r7 series which supplanted Callaway’s Big Bertha as the driver of choice for many golfers. The weakness of TaylorMade Golf has been in putters, irons and golf balls. Never really gaining in these fields over Callaway, much of this business was sold or minimized. Titleist’s strength is its golf ball market share. Its weakness has been its golf club line which has been targeted to elite golfers, though not adopted widely by many golfers. Ping Golf’s strength has been in the iron segment in 2008. Its weakness has been poor wedge sales  (Strickland III, Thompson, Gamble, 2010, pp. C-95 – C-96). Nike’s strength is the marketability of its primary endorsement, Tiger Woods, along with its popular golf ball line. Its weakness has been a quality issue with product that was sold at less than suggested retail due to this issue. 3. Identify the strengths and weakness of Callaway, TaylorMade, Titleist, Ping, and Nike. Determine which company has a competitive advantage in the marketplace and state why you believe this to be true. Ans: Overall the best golf company in my opinion is definetly, Titleist. Also, below, I listed the best product for each category of golf equipment. Driver: Taylor Made super quad Irons: Titleist AP2 (leading irons on tour); Woods: 906F4’s; Hybrid: adams hybrids (leading hybrid on tour) Wedges: Titleist Vokey spin milled or 200 series (leading wedge on tour) Putter: any  Titleist Scotty Cameron  that fits you (leading putter on tour) Balls:  Titleist Pro V1  or Pro V1x (leading ball on tour and my personal favorites) Bag: Ping (they have outstanding long lasting quality bags! Glove: Titleist Yardage device: Bushnell Shoes: Footjoy (particularly Dry Joys) Grips: Lampkins or Golf Pride ( especially the dual density  lamkin grips) 4. Based on the company selected in the previous discussion, recommend how the company can ensure that its competitive advantage is sustained. a. Strong research and Innovation: The technology industry is one of the leading industries with res pect to  strong research and innovation. And when it comes to setting the pace using innovation as leverage;  Apple and Sony  are the two companies that have held their leadership position using innovation as a competitive advantage. b. Brand Popularity: Being recognized all over the world as a respected brand is a  sustained competitive advantage that companies such as Virgin, Apple and Coca cola  have used as leverage to hold the market sway for years. Virgin is a company that has used its brand name as leverage to break into new markets  in completely new territories. . Corporate reputation: Corporate reputation is  a form of sustained competitive advantage  that companies such as Price Waterhouse and Berkshire Hathaway have leveraged to become world class entities. d. Strategic assets: Holding strategic assets such as  patents is a strong source of sustained competitive advantage  and General Electric has stood the test of time because of the several patents held. Mind you that possession of these stra tegic assets has made  General Electric one of the most powerful companies in the world. e. High volume production: Dangote Group of companies became one of the leading conglomerates in Africa because of its ability to produce goods on high volume and ensure a uniform price throughout  Nigeria. f. Access to working Capital: Generally, public liability companies (quoted companies) have a  sustained competitive advantage over private companies because of their infinite capacity to raise capital from the public. Take a look at  how Oracle acquired 57 companies in a space of five years  and Reliance Industries investing a billion dollars in a single swoop to open a chain of retail stores. . Superior Product or customer support: IKEA has become a market leader in the furniture industry because of its ability to provide superior product at an affordable rate; backed by a strong customer support system. h. Flexibility: The ability to change swiftly is a  strength and source of sustained competitive advantage that Microsoft  leveraged upon to become the largest software company in the world. i. Low pricing: Wal-Mart as at the time of this writing is the most capitalized company in the world. Thanks to its low pricing strategy that became its strong source of competitive advantage. How to cite Competition in the Golf Equipment Industry, Papers

Human Resource Management and Performance

Question: Discuss about the Human Resource Management and Performance. Answer: Introduction Human resource development is an important aspect for multinational companies in order to get better competitive advantage in the marketplace both in terms of productivity and in terms of maintaining best-fit organizational culture. Development of human resource management is related to the development of integrated and strategic approach towards workforce management. The study focuses the changing trend of human resource management due to the change of business environment and influence of stakeholders on formulating strategies of human resources for performance management and other benefits to the employees. The changing trends of HRM includes diversity in employment, changing migration patterns, employee relations implications, increased female participation in workplaces, training developments, etc. However, the study will discuss the importance of stakeholders in a company as well as their impact in the HR department of companies. Influence of changing environment The core aspects of human resource management of a company consists of various departments such as employment existing, employee development, reward management, employee resourcing, HR administration, talent management, employee benefits, strategy and organization, etc. The HR strategy of an organization is focused on current competencies as well as vision of the company in future. A gap analysis should be detected so that the new strategies will be more effective when compared to the previous HR strategy of the companies (Kehoe and Wright 2013). The environmental impact of the organization can be categorized into internal environmental factors, micro environmental factors, and macro environmental factors. Internal factors include employees, unions and business units. Micro factors include competitors, public, customers, suppliers, partners, intermediaries and entrants. External environment factors consist of culture, politics, education, technology, legal, regulations, economy, natu ral resources, and society. Internal environmental factors is responsible for creating an impact on organization size and structure, profile of workforce, companys values and ideology, locus of various HR strategy formulation, and established traditions and HRM practices (Jiang et al. 2012). However, to meet the factors of the external environmental factors, Porters generic strategies are also used in formulation of HR strategies that are related to the organization values and companies. This approach describes the HR strategy in terms of optimal strategy that will fit the strategy of the organization. This type of fit is known as vertical fit. The HR managers of companies must focus on the aspects of cost leadership, differentiation and focus in the perspective of employee relations, workforce profile with the selected strategy (Jackson et al. 2014). Apart from that, HR managers implement the policies of Pfeffers 7 key HRM practices in the organizational perspective. The key aspects of the theoretical implications are employment security, targeted selection, decentralization workplace teams, higher pay contingent on performance of company, employee training, diminished status differentials and sharing of business information sharing with workforce. Practice of these aspects will help in developing trust, commitment, etc. thus increasing the productivity of the employees and company as a whole (Buller and McEvoy 2012). Stakeholders analysis Stakeholder analysis is an important aspect that is important not only in strategic management department of the organization but also for the HR department of the company. Stakeholders are the group of people that are involved in various decisions of a particular company. Stakeholders consist of owners, employees, community, customers, insurance companies, managers, etc. Stakeholders in this perspective of formulation of human resource management strategies of organizations create an impact in the minds of the HR managers. Involvement of stakeholders will help in rectifying the errors of the strategy by the associated HR managers (Alfes et al. 2013). The goal of HR projects is to increase the productivity of the employees as well as employee retention. It has a direct relation to the profitability of the company and increased productivity of the company. Different kinds of employees and people from community are involved in many cases of the formulation of HR strategies. However, there are many positive aspects when stakeholders involve in the formulation of HR strategies. Different kinds of stakeholders will have different viewpoints that might be beneficial for the HR department to proceed in a particular direction (Purce 2014). In many circumstance, it can be said that HR managers overlook some issues of the organization and formulate the strategies that will not be effective in the perspective of performance management and reward management of the company. In the human resource department of multinational companies, not only employees and owners are involved in the strategy formulation part but also the customers and communit ies are involved (Renwick et al. 2013). Inclusion of community will help in maintaining sustainable HR strategies that will cope up the changing business needs. Apart from development of science and technologies, the trend of human resource is also changing day by day. However, multinational companies involve the stakeholders of the company to incorporate the changes that is happening in the internal environment of the company as well as the external environment. Incorporation of the recent trends in the HR policies is essential in order to retain the talent pool within the organization. Big multinational giants like Google, McDonalds, etc. are known for its improved HR strategies. Small medium enterprises usually try to follow the HR strategies of the big companies. Apart from that, leadership is also having an impact on the employee motivation and employee involvement in different operational department of the organization (Bratton and Gold 2012). Influence of stakeholders on HR strategies Stakeholders have a vivid role in the various operational departments of organizations. In the changing business environment, business enterprises are competing with each other not only in terms of marketing and increased sales but also in terms of various activities of human resource management. Employees are considered as the assets of organizations. Employees must have satisfaction in order to develop their skills and improved performance within the organization. There are different aspects of performance appraisal measures such as recruitment, selection, compensation management, training development and labor relations (Hendry 2012). Strategies are formulated in order to improve these HRM aspects. Stakeholders will help in minimizing the gaps that are occurred in the strategy formulation that are not identifiable by the HR managers sometimes. Apart from that, there are some ethical concerns that have to keep in mind while formulating HR strategies with respect to the current cha nges of the business environment. Companies can use 360-degree feedback in order to improve the performance of the company in order to complete the feedback process of the workers for improvement of the performance. It helps in keeping in track of the problems faced by the employees (Armstrong and Taylor 2014). It is seen that companies of Ireland are not efficient in the field of performance management activities. Various types of surveys and research are done that illustrates that the managers are not having competent skills while customization of the theoretical frameworks of the HRM strategies. Conclusion The study consists of different types of factors of environment that has created an impact not only on the strategic management aspects but also on the human resource aspects. The stakeholders of the companies are responsible for formulation of improved HR strategies that will not only increase the profitability of the organizations but also the retention of employees. The study illustrates mostly the influence of stakeholders and their impact in the improved competitive HRM functions of the companies. Instances of different companies are also provided in the study so that they can illustrate the topic at an ease. Implementations of theoretical frameworks are also illustrated in a detailed manner for coping up with the changing business environment. References Alfes, K., Shantz, A.D., Truss, C. and Soane, E.C., 2013. The link between perceived human resource management practices, engagement and employee behaviour: a moderated mediation model.The international journal of human resource management,24(2), pp.330-351. Armstrong, M. and Taylor, S., 2014.Armstrong's handbook of human resource management practice. Kogan Page Publishers. Bratton, J. and Gold, J., 2012.Human resource management: theory and practice. Palgrave Macmillan. Buller, P.F. and McEvoy, G.M., 2012. Strategy, human resource management and performance: Sharpening line of sight.Human resource management review,22(1), pp.43-56. Hendry, C., 2012.Human resource management. Routledge. Jackson, S.E., Schuler, R.S. and Jiang, K., 2014. An aspirational framework for strategic human resource management.The Academy of Management Annals,8(1), pp.1-56. Jiang, K., Lepak, D.P., Han, K., Hong, Y., Kim, A. and Winkler, A.L., 2012. Clarifying the construct of human resource systems: Relating human resource management to employee performance.Human Resource Management Review,22(2), pp.73-85. Kehoe, R.R. and Wright, P.M., 2013. The impact of high-performance human resource practices on employees attitudes and behaviors.Journal of management,39(2), pp.366-391. Purce, J., 2014. The impact of corporate strategy on human resource management.New Perspectives on Human Resource Management (Routledge Revivals),67. Renwick, D.W., Redman, T. and Maguire, S., 2013. Green human resource management: A review and research agenda.International Journal of Management Reviews,15(1), pp.1-14.

Article Critique on Diversity Essay Example

Article Critique on Diversity Essay Methods Using other published articles as reference, a comparison of the public policies in Japan, Switzerland, France, Germany, United Kingdom, and Canada were compared to ) explain diversity among countries and the policies for managing ageing work forces, 2) to show applicable remedies to convince firms to keep older workers. Evidence of Thesis Support The author offered a comprehensive approach to the trends and illustrated the connection between the company practices and these trends, even if not always equally thorough. Despite the strength in making those comparisons, the author did not reach his full potential, while the diversity was presented In the studies, the results were loss because the articles were cited In one mall paragraph so there was o connection between and country and where the information was derived. The supporting evidence was confusing and ambiguous, in an overview of employment/ unemployment policies towards older workers the similarities and differences between countries needed to be clearly identified. The remedies were equally limited, an adjustment to the procedures for assigning employees to Jobs and motivating workers was one of the remedies, however those procedures were not illustrate In the article. Further, the public policy that the author advocates as having little success has not been identified. To get insight and gain a better understanding one would have to read all the individual articles on which this one was formed Contribution to the Literature Contributions which correspond to the alma of the article are more Interesting and thorough.. Gill Gorton, 2001) In the Dynamics of Managing Diversity: A Critical Approach explains the clear differences between encouraging the exit of older workers through retirement, public policies and the legislative protection against discrimination. On a European-wide comparison, specific age-related legislation is emitted In France, workers aged fifty to fifty-four who are made redundant are excluded from the state pension, and the em ployer is forces to bare the cost (pig. 44). Kiloton advocates for stronger public policy In older workers to encourage employers to Turner develop tenet own strategies. ) In Social Protection versus Economic Flexibility: Is There a Trade-off makes similar arguments for looking at the legislative policy. Blank states Japan has a seniority-earning profile which creates an incentive for firms to dismiss their older workers, however, unlike the United States older workers are less likely to be dismissed. We will write a custom essay sample on Article Critique on Diversity specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Article Critique on Diversity specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Article Critique on Diversity specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer Sweden uses a seniority rule for dismissal, older workers are explicitly protected by legislation, workers over eager 45 must be given six months notice of dismissal, and employers must try to find other Jobs for those who have lost the ability to perform usual Jobs (pig 206). Recommendations The article argues the dynamics of policies in countries determine retirement or retention at age 55; to strength the article a more in depth analysis of the organizational cultures would be included. In addition, statistics on the percentage f people over age 55 in those countries to show a comparison of the employment and unemployment rates of older workers. A more in depth explanation on why there are trends would be to include what the demand is for Jobs versus the supply of human capital, whether the labor skills in these countries can or cannot meet the demand. Key questions to answer in the article are do firms fire older workers when there is a downturn in business? Social programs and how it determines the breakdown of the employment/population response, do firms require more mature errors?

Quotations on Style in Writing

Quotations on Style in Writing A pointed instrument used for writing. According to our glossary entry for  style, thats what the word meant in Latin 2,000 years ago. Nowadays, definitions of style point not to the instrument used by the writer but to characteristics of the writing itself: The way in which something is said, done, expressed, or performed: a style of speech and writing. Narrowly interpreted as those figures that ornament discourse; broadly, as representing a manifestation of the person speaking or writing. All figures of speech fall within the domain of style. But what does it mean to write with style? Is style a feature that writers can add or remove as they please? Is it, perhaps, a gift that only some writers are blessed with? Can a style ever be good or bad, correct or incorrector is it more a matter of taste? Put another way, is style merely a kind of decorative sprinkle, or is it instead an essential ingredient of writing? Here, under six broad headings, are some of the diverse ways in which professional writers have responded to these questions. We open with remarks from Henry David Thoreau, an artful stylist who expressed indifference toward style and conclude with two quotations from novelist Vladimir Nabokov, who insisted that style is all that matters. Style is Practical Who cares what a man’s style is, so it is intelligible, as intelligible as his thought. Literally and really, the style is no more than the stylus, the pen he writes with, and it is not worth scraping and polishing, and gilding, unless it will write his thoughts the better for it. It is something for use, and not to look at.(Henry David Thoreau)People think that I can teach them style. What stuff it all is! Have something to say, and say it as clearly as you can. That is the only secret of style.(Matthew Arnold) Style Is the Dress of Thoughts Style is the dress of thoughts; and let them be ever so just, if your style is homely, coarse, and vulgar, they will appear to as much disadvantage.(Philip Dormer Stanhope, Earl of Chesterfield)A mans style should be like his dress. It should be as unobtrusive and should attract as little attention as possible.(C. E. M. Joad) Style Is Who and What We Are The style is the man himself.(George-Louis Leclerc de Buffon)The old saying of Buffon’s that style is the man himself is as near the truth as we can getbut then most men mistake grammar for style, as they mistake correct spelling for words or schooling for education.(Samuel Butler)When we see a natural style, we are astonished and delighted; for we expected to see an author, and we find a man.(Blaise Pascal)Style is the hallmark of a temperament stamped upon the material at hand.(Andre Maurois)The essence of a sound style is that it cannot be reduced to rulesthat it is a living and breathing thing with something of the devilish in itthat it fits its proprietor tightly yet ever so loosely, as his skin fits him. It is, in fact, quite as seriously an integral part of him as that skin is. . . . In brief, a style is always the outward and visible symbol of a man, and cannot be anything else.(H.L. Mencken)You do not create a style. You work, and develop yourself; your style is an em anation from your own being.(Katherine Anne Porter) Style Is Point of View Style is the perfection of a point of view.(Richard Eberhart)Where there is no style, there is in effect no point of view. There is, essentially, no anger, no conviction, no self. Style is opinion, hung washing, the caliber of a bullet, teething beads.(Alexander Theroux)Style is that which indicates how the writer takes himself and what he is saying. It is the mind skating circles around itself as it moves forward.(Robert Frost) Style Is Craftsmanship Whats important is the way we say it. Art is all about craftsmanship. Others can interpret craftsmanship as style if they wish. Style is what unites memory or recollection, ideology, sentiment, nostalgia, presentiment, to the way we express all that. Its not what we say but how we say it that matters.(Federico Fellini)Proper words in proper places, make the true definition of style.(Jonathan Swift)The web, then, or the pattern, a web at once sensuous and logical, an elegant and pregnant texture: that is style.(Robert Louis Stevenson)The most durable thing in writing is style, and style is the most valuable investment a writer can make with his time. It pays off slowly, your agent will sneer at it, your publisher will misunderstand it, and it will take people you have never heard of to convince them by slow degrees that the writer who puts his individual mark on the way he writes will always pay off.(Raymond Chandler)The style of an author should be the image of his mind, but the choi ce and command of language is the fruit of exercise.(Edward Gibbon) One arrives at style only with atrocious effort, with fanatical and devoted stubbornness.(Gustave Flaubert) Style Is Substance To me, style is just the outside of content, and content the inside of style, like the outside and the inside of the human body. Both go together, they cant be separated.(Jean-Luc Godard)Thought and speech are inseparable from each other. Matter and expression are parts of one; style is a thinking out into language.(Cardinal John Henry Newman)Every style is excellent if it is proper; and that style is most proper which can best convey the intentions of the author to his reader. And, after all, it is Style alone by which posterity will judge of a great work, for an author can have nothing truly his own but his style; facts, scientific discoveries, and every kind of information, may be seized by all, but an authors diction cannot be taken from him.(Isaac DIsraeli)Style, in its finest sense, is the last acquirement of the educated mind; it is also the most useful. It pervades the whole being.(Alfred North Whitehead)Style is not something applied. It is something that permeates. It is of the nature of that in which it is found, whether the poem, the manner of a god, the bearing of a man. It is not a dress.(Wallace Stevens) Style and structure are the essence of a book; great ideas are hogwash. . . .All my stories are webs of style and none seems at first blush to contain much kinetic matter. . . . For me style is matter.(Vladimir Nabokov)

Two different social networking (Snapchat and Instagram) Essay

Two different social networking (Snapchat and Instagram) - Essay Example First of all, the main distinctive and unique feature of the service is that the picture a person wants to share with a friend is saved on the service only within 24 hours. After this period the picture is being deleted from Snapchat and nobody is able to see it anymore. Also, once a friend gets the photo he can observe it maximum for 10 seconds after this the picture disappears. As for design possibilities of editing pictures Snapchat has not that many functions. The only way user can make the picture is to take it right from the camera provided by the app, he can also add some text or paint something on the photo taken right away. The service has only one communicational function, which to share pictures with friends without possibility to save the pictures or comment (and like) them afterwards. Thus Snapchat is truly a kind of chat that provides its users with possibility to share their photos with saving a high level of privacy. Instagram is the social network whereby internet users can share whatever pictures they wish to share with their followers. Instagram users can either take a photo and post it right away or post any picture from their camera roll. The pictures are being saved on the service for unlimited period of time and the person’s followers can look at them any time they want unless the owner of the profile deletes them by oneself. The way of usage of the app is also different from Snapchat. After choosing a picture a user intends to post he can edit it in multiple ways like using filters or in a manual way. The posted pictures are being showed in a common newsfeed of the user’s followers and they can like it and comment, which makes the application more adapted for open communicational possibilities. If user wants to save a picture, he can visit the other user’s profile and save it print screening the picture he likes. The service is definitely less private, as it allows u sers to steal others’ pictures from their

Group Report Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Group Report - Essay Example Learning from literature will be adopted for obtaining a direction to this study and findings from various relevant sources will be assessed before providing recommendations, if required, and concluding with key remarks. 2. J. Sainsbury Plc: J. Sainsbury Plc. is more than a century old retailer with more than 1000 supermarket stores throughout the UK. It employs more than 150,000 staff in all of its stores and back office locations. Their unique values and business strategies indicate their historic presence and strength in the business world. Some of these values and strategies certainly consider their recruitment and selection procedures, which ensure right candidates are hired for their jobs that in turn prove to be of high significance for their growth and sustenance (J Sainsbury plc, n.d). 3. Methodology: Literature study concerning R&S procedures has been performed to understand the impact of these HR processes on the firm’s success. Most of the information related to Sa insbury’s is obtained from sources such as the company website, published journals, few text books etc, and the key findings are noted. 4. Findings: In large firms, R&S are a part of HR planning, unlike the ad hoc activities followed in smaller firms (Marchington & Wilkinson, 2008); and, HR function can help create more value through its strategies of which R&S is a critical one (Hill & Jones, 2010). In their study, Delery and Doty (1996) asserted that sophisticated methods of recruitment and selection form a part of their competitive strategies in larger firms. This point can be examined in the case of Sainsbury. 4.1 Recruitment methods: According to information from their website, Sainsbury’s offers career opportunities in areas such as supermarket staff, store management and support centres, logistics, pharmacy, finance and accounting sections etc (Sainsbury’s.Jobs, n.d). They hire fresh graduates, experienced staff and specialists for various roles based on the job requirements. They offer job opportunities to various categories of students including both European nationals and international students throughout the UK. Interestingly, Sainsbury does not entertain collecting CVs from interested candidates; instead, they encourage applications through their website for all available positions that are also made visible through their website. In order to attract the best candidates, Sainsbury’s offers a detailed online application process that also recruits the most suitable candidates through various questionnaires; these include key requirements questionnaire, motivational questionnaire, situational judgment questionnaire and application form. Recruitment and selection strategies are also important facilitators for other HR initiatives such as diversity management as these strategies help in attracting people from various ethnic groups and diverse backgrounds. According to their Changeworknow (n.d) campaign, candidates that fail t o pass through the applications and questionnaires receive immediate feedback and are also directed to other employers thereby creating a positive employment and interaction experience. 4.2 Selection methods: Final selection of candidates at Sainsbury’s is done only after detailed tests and face-to-face interviews are conducted by the store managers or other managers. These interviews help in assessing the abilities and competencies of the candidates; these interactions also help in

From Hunger to Greed Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

From Hunger to Greed - Essay Example Having excess optimism and over ambitions in life usually makes someone to try to achieve more than one can handle at that moment and this habit at times make someone to lose his or her target. The rock song you cannot always get what you want gives a good example of a person wanted a woman but he did not succeed to woe her although he ended up getting someone else. The song ‘you can’t always get what you want’ was about the Mick encounter in life when he was drinking with a group of his friends in a pub in 1960’s. He saw a beautiful woman and he immediately fell for her and he just pondered on how he could get her because the woman had a relationship with another man. After realizing that, the woman was someone else’s Mick decided to woo her away from the other man and luckily he succeeded in getting her. It lingered in Mick’s minds that he wanted the woman when she was with another male and after getting her, he ended up in jail. Mick finall y thought that he did not get what he wanted and blamed the girl for the failure but he ended up in getting what he needed and the experience made him realize where his life was heading (Song Meaning.com). During my school life, I had purposed myself to focus on education in order to achieve a great life in the future. When I finished my education, my point of focus shifted to the women and one time when I was taking a walk with my friends I spotted a girl whom I thought could be the woman of my dreams. I gathered enough courage and I approached the girl and luckily I exchanged contacts with her and I thought that all was going well. We dated for a while and to my surprise, the woman loved another man and the two were already having an affair. I decided to ask about our relationship but she really broke my heart when she told me that she did not have any feelings for me and I had to respect her decision. I quitted dating her and I accepted the defeat, moved on with my life, and sett led on another girl where I succeeded in wooing her although she was not my target. Although I did not get the woman I wanted in life, I ended up getting another woman because I needed one in life even if she was not my target. Many people in life never get satisfied with their achievements even if everything seems to be flow good with them. No matter how great the things appear to them, people find them not enough for them because of over ambitions. The main reason is that, most of them are after fame and this leads them to greed in life. The competition of wealth in the current world has led to lack of satisfaction since everybody wants to be a hero in his or her society. This kind of competition has led to the current trends of criminal activities in order for the people to amass wealth as much as possible within a small period. This character of greed and selfishness creates a rift between the people in the society. There are many literature materials that have explained the cha racter of greed, how and why it arises in the societies. Thomas Aquinas wrote an article that stated that, greed is a sin against God because most people are not satisfied with what God has provided to them and as a result, they end up forsaking God for earthly materials. According to Keltner and Piff (Para. 2-4), greed inspires people to carry out several criminal actions such as robbery with violence, manipulating the authority to evade tax and hoarding of goods among

Osteoma of Temporal Bone: A Case of Post Aural Swelling

Osteoma of Temporal Bone: A Case of Post Aural Swelling Introduction:- Osteomas are benign tumours of the lamellar bones. In routine ENT practice they are commonly seen as dense radio opaque shadows arising from within the paranasal sinuses. Osteoma of the temporal bone occurs infrequently, and when they occur, are seen most common in the external ear canal. Osteoma originating from the middle ear is very rare. That from the mastoid are rarer. We document such a rare presentation of osteoma arising from the mastoid. Case report:- Presenting case of a previously healthy 32-year-old woman, referred to the ENT clinic for assessment of a left retroauricular mass that had been slowly increasing in size for past 1 year. This patient was asymptomatic, but reported unsightly appearance of this mass. On examination, she was found to have a 3 cm X 3cm globular hard bony swelling above and behind the left mastoid process fixed to the underlying bone. It was non tender. Detailed ENT examination including facial nerve function was normal. There were no bony exostoses in the external ear canal. CT scan of the petrous temporal bones demonstrated a bone tumour arising from the left mastoid cortex with no other associated abnormality of the petrous temporal bone, suggesting a typical mastoid osteoma (Fig. 2). Surgical resection was performed under local anaesthesia via a retroauricular incision. Following skin dissection and exposure of the bone tumour, the tumour was completely resected by a mastoid drill with cutting burr(fig 3a,b,c). Finally the edges of the bone were polished with a round burr and the incision closed in layers. She had an uneventful postoperative period(fig 4). Histopathology confirmed an osteoid osteoma(fig 5). Discussion:- Osteoma is a slow growing tumor formed by mature bone tissue. Osteoid osteoma is a primary bone tumor accounting for 10% of all primary bone tumors.1  It mostly occurs in long bones. In the skull it mainly affects the  frontoethmoid region. Very uncommonly it affects the temporal bone.  They are rare in the sphenoid sinus and extremely rare on temporal and occipital squama.2 In the temporal region, osteomas are essentially reported in the external auditory canal, or more rarely in the middle ear,along the auditory canal or the styloid process, in the temporomandibular joint, in the apex of the petrous temporal bone or in the internal auditory canal 3 and only exceptionally in the mastoid 4. It has higher incidence in female patients,predominantly in the 2nd and 3rd decade of life and is rare in puberty. 6 As illustrated by the case reported here, osteomas arising from outer cortex of the mastoid are associated with minimal or no symptoms. They are essentially responsible for unsightly deformity of the retroauricular region, or even detachment of the external ear in the case of a very large, anterior tumour. Mastoid osteomas can cause local tenderness and interfere with wearing glasses. Even though it is normally asymptomatic it may produce pain by invasion of surrounding structures or widening of periosteium.If located in the external auditory canal it may lead to occlusion progressing to chronic otitis externa (30% of cases) and conductive hearing loss7,8.In the present case patient did not have any complaints and swelling was removed for cosmetic reasons. While the exact etiology of osteomas is not well understood, they are thought to arise from preosseus connective tissue. There is some evidence that osteomas are of congenital nature 9. The most widely accepted theories for the etiopathogenesis of osteomas include embryogenesis and metaplasia following recurrent local irritation and trauma. Three types of mastoid osteomas have been described, based on structural characteristics.10,11,12 †¢ Compact: The most frequent one. Comprising dense, compact and lamellar bone, with few vessels and Haversian canals system. Those with dense sclerotic bone are called ivory osteoma. Compact osteomas have a wider base and are very slow growing †¢ Cartilaginous: Comprising bone and cartilaginous elements †¢ Spongy: Rare type. Comprised by spongy bone and fibrous cell tissue,with tendency to expand to the diploe and involving the internal and external lamina of the affected bone, have bone marrow and also known as cancellous or osteoid osteomas. They are more likely to be pedunculated and grow relatively faster. †¢ Mixed: Mixture of spongy and compact types. It is important to differentiate osteomas from exostoses. They should be considered separate clinical entities. Osteomas are bony growths that are single,unilateral and pedunculated and arise from the tympanosquamous or tympanomastoid suture lines laterally, whereas exostoses are multiple, usually bilateral and broad based and are found medial to the sutures of the temporal bone 13. Osteomas are true bone tumors and exostoses are thought to be a reactive condition secondary to multiple cold-water immersions or recurrent otitis externa. Disagreement still exists whether external auditory canal exostoses and osteoma should be considered as separate histopathological entities. JE Fenton et al in their study have concluded that they cannot be differentiated on routine histopathological examination 14. Osteoma occurrence may be syndromic or non syndromic. They may occur as a feature of Gardener’s syndrome, which is characterized by multiple intestinal polyps, epidermoid inclusion c ysts, fibromas of the skin and mesentery and osteomas. Osteomas in Gardener’s syndrome have a predilection for membranous bones and as such the mandible and maxilla are more commonly involved 15. Non-contrast computed tomography of the petrous temporal bones is the examination of choice for diagnosis and staging. It reveals a rounded bone lesion of the outer cortex of the mastoid, with regular margins, with a pedunculated or sessile implantation base. Superficial mastoid osteoma presents no signs of intrapetrosal extension and the mastoid air cells remain perfectly aerated. In rare cases, the osteoma can extend medially into the petrous temporal bone adjacent to the facial nerve, lateral semicircular canal or ossicles. In these cases, imaging can define the anatomical relations with these structures before considering surgical resection 3,4,16-18. Imaging is also useful to define the differential diagnosis between osteoma and other mastoid bone tumours, especially osteosarcoma, bone metastases, multiple myeloma, giant cell tumour, lesions encountered in Paget’s disease or fibrous dysplasia 3,4. Signs suggestive of a malignant lesion are rapid growth, pain and a poorly delimited, heterogeneous, osteolytic appearance on CT. Treatment is indicated for osteomas that are symptomatic or cosmetically unacceptable. Excision or drilling of superficial lesions of the mastoid and squama is a simple procedure. At surgery, since the lesions are always limited to the external cortex a cleavage plane is always encountered when tumor meets normal bone19. In mastoid osteomas extending into the fallopian canal and bony labyrinth, complete excision is not indicated since there may be damage to these structures .Follow up is needed in cases where partial excision is  done or where expectant treatment is adopted. Surgical resection usually raises few technical problems: retroauricular incision adapted to the size of the lesion, exposure of the osteoma, then resection with a bone chisel or curette or by reaming, depending on the size of the osteoma and its sessile or pedunculated implantation. A retroauricular subcutaneous depression may be observed after the operation 20. Conclusions:- Osteomas are tumors predominantly arising from the long bones and rarely from the flat bones of the skull. When present they should be treated as per the symptoms of the patient. Osteomas present within the ear need to be dealt carefully, for fear of damage to vital structures.Osteomas present on the mastoid or squamous portion of the temporal bone need to be dealt for cosmetic purposes or if they are causing symptoms. References:- 1. Kransdorf MJ, Stull MA, Gilkey FW, et al. Osteoid osteoma. Radiographics 1991; 11:671 -96 2. Sente M, Topolac R, Peic-Gavran K, Aleksov G. Frontal sinus osteoma as a cause of purulent meningitis. Med Pregl 1999;52(3-5):169-72 3. Dominguez Pà ©rez AD, Rodrà ­guez Romero R, Domà ­nguez Durà ¡nE, Riquelme MontaËÅ"no P, Alcà ¡ntara Bernal R, Monreal Rodrà ­guezC. El osteoma en la mastoids, ActaOtorrinolaringol Esp 2011;62:140—3. 4. KimCW, Oh SJ, Kang JM, Ahn HY. Multiple osteomas in the middle. Eur Arch Otorhinolaryngol 2006;263:1151—4. 5. D’Ottovai LR, Piccirillo E, De Sanctis S, et al. Mastoid osteomas: review of the literature and presentation of two clinical cases.Acta Otorinolaringol Ital 1997;17:136—9. 6. Dugert E, Lagleyre S, Brouchet A, Deguine O, Cognard C, Bonneville F. Osteoid Osteoma Invading the Posterior Labyrinth of the Petrous Bone AJNR Am J Neuroradiol. 2010 Oct;31(9):1764-6 7 .Gupta OP, Samant IC. Osteoma of mastoid.laryngoscope 1972;82:172-6 8. Bruton DM,Gonzalez C.Mastoid osteoma.Ear Nose Throat J 1991;70:161-2 9. Yamasoba T, Harada T, Okunao T, Nomura Y. Osteoma of themiddle ear. Report of a case. Arch Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 1990;116:1214-6. 10. Varshney S. Osteoma of temporal bone. Indian J of Otol 2001;7:91-2. 11. Probost LE, Shanken L, Fox R. Osteoma of the mastoid bone. J Otolaryngol 1991;20:228-30. 12. Singh I, Sanasam JC, Bhatia PL, Singh LS. Giant osteoma of the mastoid. Ear Nose Throat J 1979;58. 13 Sheehy JJ. Diffuse exostoses and osteomata of the external auditory canal: A report of 100 cases. Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 1982;90:337-42 14. Fenton JE, Turner J, Fagan PA. A histopathological review of temporal bone exostoses and osteoma. Laryngoscope 1996;106:624-8. 15. Earl H Harley, Robert G Berkowitz. Imaging case study of the month, Osteoma of the middle ear. Ann Otol Rhinol Laryngol 1997;106:714 16. Quesnel AM, Lee DJ. Extensive osteomas of the temporal parietaloccipital skull. Otol Neurotol 2011;32:e3—4. 17.Ben-Yaakov A, Wohlgelernter J, Gross M. Osteoma of the lateral semicircular canal. Acta Otolaryngol 2006;126:1005—7. 18. Gungor A, Cincik H, Poyazoglu E, et al. Mastoid osteomas: reportof two cases. Otol Neurotol 2004;25:95—7. 19. Antonio Denia, Fransisco Perez, Rinaldo R, Canalis R, Malcolm D Graham. Extracanalicular osteomas of the temporal bone. Arch Otolaryngol 1979;105:706-9. 20. Probst LE, Shankar L, Fox R. Osteoma the mastoid bone. J Otolaryngol 1991;20:228—30

The Media Should NOT Define our Self-Image Essays -- Adverts, Advertis

Do we choose to define ourselves? Everyday we turn on the television; we are subjected to advertisements about what we are supposed to be, what we are supposed to wear, and even what we are supposed to drive. Ultimately we choose the vehicles we drive, but the media has a huge influence on us. Three television advertisements reveal the vehicles women and men are believed to drive. The Honda Odyssey is shown in advertisements with a woman driving around kids to their daily functions. The Ford F150 and the Chevy Silverado are shown with men four wheeling through the hills. Advertisements tell us what roles we are â€Å"supposed† to play in society. In reality men and women’s roles in society have greatly changed from the past, but television advertisements do not represent these changes. Vans are depicted as â€Å"mom vehicles† and trucks are â€Å"dad or man vehicles.† When a vehicle manufacturer comes out with a new model of van they usually depict a women driving around, with a vehicle full of kids. She drops the kids off and picks them up, she then proceeds to move around all of the seats illustrating to the consumer all that this new van has to offer. It is all work and no play for moms in the working world. When a new model of the Ford F150 or the Chevy Silverado comes out, advertisements usually depict a man four-wheeling through the hills demonstrating the durability and power of the vehicle. Ford’s motto is â€Å"Built Ford Tough† and Chevy’s motto is â€Å"Like a Rock.† Thes...

Direct Foreign Investment in Bangladesh

â€Å"Direct Foreign Investment in Bangladesh- Challenges and Prospect† Introduction: This is era of globalization, here all of the country are linked together. Thereby we get different opportunity to be benefited from beyond the country. DFI (direct Foreign investment) is one of them. It is a very important issue for toddy’s government, business people and concerned community of the world. Bangladesh is not far from it . Like any other developing country, the economic development of Bangladesh is also significantly depend on foreign direct investment.Bangladesh government and business community of Bangladesh is concerned enough to attract increasing number of DFI in Bangladesh. To draw the attention of foreign investor and make them interested to do invest in Bangladesh, government take lot of initiatives, like branding the Bangladesh, giving incentives on DFI, improving the infrastructure etc. However, this is fact too that, still we have some challenges and difficult ies to get satisfactory amount of direct foreign investment. In this report, we are covering the most lucrative industry in Bangladesh.It is the garment industry of Bangladesh, which has been the key division and main sources of foreign currency of Bangladesh for a very long time. Objective of the study: Primary Objective †¢To know the DFI situation in Bangladesh and its future. Secondary objective †¢To Know the Factors affecting DFI in Bangladesh †¢To evaluate the Garment industry in Bangladesh from the perspective of current DFI situation in Bangladesh, Government incentives, socio-political situation and other financial facilities, entry-exit barriers etc. †¢To know the challenges currently faced by the existing foreign investors in the industry. In addition, to give our opinion about the feasibility of the industry to attract DFI in Bangladesh. Methodology: To make this term paper we mainly give emphasize on secondary sources of data. We go through different organization’s website like, Bangladesh Bank, Bangladesh Board of Investment etc to collect the necessary information. Moreover, we take some knowledge from daily newspaper and television talk shows. Apart from these, we use our textbook and class lecture as a secondary source of information. http://www. orion-group. net/career. php http://banglar-jobs. blogspot. com/2010/10/ministry-of-health-and-family-welfare. html Related article: Padma Bridge

The Wuthering Heights Review

The 'Wuthering Heights' Review When Emily Brontes Wuthering Heights was first published in 1847, under the name of Ellis Bell, it received mixed reviews. Although some critics saw the potential evident in the cyclical plot and other literary devices, many others were shocked and dismayed by the unashamedly dark storyline. Different for the Era To be sure, Wuthering Heights was a very different book than what was generally considered acceptable during that era. In direct contrast to Emily Brontes novel, Susannah Rowsons Charlotte Temple (1828) tells the story of a young lady who permits her beau to steal her away in the middle of the night. Predictably, he impregnates her and then abandons her, after which she dies of a broken heart. As was common in novels of the era, Charlotte Temple used a fictional story to instruct its readers―primarily young ladies―in what was expected of them. Flawed Characters In Wuthering Heights, one of the main female characters dies of what could also be considered a broken heart, but the effect is a very different one from that of Charlotte Temple. Instead of presenting an overly sentimental worst-case scenario meant to frighten its readers onto the straight-and-narrow, Wuthering Heights seduces its readers with its dark passion and misguided characters. Both Heathcliff and Catherine are flawed characters, but their flaws intrigue the reader just as surely as they repel. If there is any lesson to be learned after Catherines death, it is the folly of denying your hearts greatest passion―a mistake completely at odds with the cause of Charlotte Temples downfall. Controversy Obscurity Due to the novels tumultuous passion, the book received a mixture of responses. Eventually, those who were scandalized by the books inappropriateness won out, and Emily Brontes only novel was buried in literary obscurity. Decades later, when Wuthering Heights was revived by the interest of modern scholars, the unique literary devices used in the work began to earn more attention than its soap opera-like tale of obsession and loss. Although the second part of the novel―the part that chiefly concerns Catherine and Heathcliffs respective children―is frequently overlooked in retellings and screen adaptations, many contemporary critics believe it holds the key to Emily Bronte’s real literary genius. The first generation of children―Catherine, her brother Hindley, and the gypsy child Heathcliff―had led miserable lives, and both Catherine and Hindley died young as payment for their misguided passions. As a result of Heathcliffs scheming prior to Hindleys death, he has inherited the Earnshaw home, as well as the care of Hindleys son, Hareton. After the death of Heathcliffs estranged wife―Catherine’s husband’s sister, his own son, Linton, comes to live with him as well, setting in motion his final push for revenge. Generations The highlight of the second part of the book is when Heathcliff effectively kidnaps Catherines daughter, who is called Cathy. With the three children now all under one roof, the latter half of the book parallels the beginning, when Catherine, Hindley, and Heathcliff were all children together in the same house. However, whether by a twist of fate or Heathcliffs mistreatment of the boy, Haretons demeanor and place in the household resembles Heathcliffs childhood persona more than that of his own father, while Linton is so weak and sickly that he is the perfect opposite of Heathcliff.Despite the clear similarities to the old rivalries, though, the children begin to converge, rather than to follow in the footsteps of their parents. Maddened by a desire for revenge, Heathcliff attempts to play them against one another, forcing Cathy to marry Linton so that he may inherit the neighboring property that belongs to his rival, Catherines widower. Linton dies soon after. After Heathcliffs own death, the tale comes full circle: the estates return to their rightful heirs, Hareton and the younger Cathy fall in love, and Heathcliff’s legacy of revenge disappears almost without a trace. Complex Storytelling Despite its early reception, the combination of unbridled passion and a complex storytelling form makes Wuthering Heights a favorite in many modern literary circles. The darkness of the story and the lack of accompanying moral teachings shocked many of its contemporaries, while the intricacies of the cyclical plot―the destruction and ultimate reunification of the families―were overlooked until recent decades. A novel that combines masterful literary devices with all of the scandals of a soap opera, Emily Brontes Wuthering Heights was a drama far ahead of its time.

The eNotes Blog Happy Birthday Bukowski

Happy Birthday Bukowski There are so many quotes I could draw from that would be emblematic of the character of Charles Bukowski, the larger-than-life poet, novelist, alcoholic, and grim prophet of love. But today, on the day he would have turned 92, I choose two nights before my 72nd birthday. Written exactly two decades ago, shortly before his death of leukemia, the poem calmly, almost ambivalently, reflects on aging and death. Bukowski seems drained of all the lingering angst from his difficult childhood, only amazed at the fact hes lasted this long and grateful for his glass of cabernet and the warm night. Its pleasant to think of him admiring lifes simplicities, not really wanting or regretting, merely enjoying what would be his second-to-last birthday. That night, I think, a secret bluebird gave a little whistle somewhere. sitting here on a boiling hot night while drinking a bottle of cabernet sauvignon after winning $232 at the track. theres not much I can tell you except if it werent for my bad right leg I dont feel much different than I did 30 or 40 years ago (except that now I have more money and should be able to afford a decent burial). also, I drive better automobiles and have stopped carrying a switchblade. I am still looking for a hero, a role model, but cant find one. I am no more tolerant of Humanity than I ever was. I am not bored with myself and find that I am the only one I can turn to in time of crisis. Ive been ready to die for decades and Ive been practicing, polishing up for that end but its very hot tonight and I can think of little but this fine cabernet, thats gift enough for me. sometimes I cant believe Ive come this far, this has to be some kind of goddamned miracle! just another old guy blinking at the forces, smiling a little, as the cities tremble and the left hand rises, clutching something real. Happy Birthday Bukowski.

Research/ Detail Paper of the Religion of the Sunni Muslim People Research

/ Detail of the Religion of the Sunni Muslim People - Research Paper Example Although several branches of Islam exist, Sunni Muslims are the largest by followership, accounting for about 80 percent of the world’s Muslim population, followed by the Shi’a at approximately 10 percent. As a branch of Islam, the Sunni emerged in the 7th century C.E. in the Middle East after disagreements arose over who would succeed Prophet Muhammad. At the height of the disagreement, the Sunni advocated for the selection of a successor (also referred to as caliph) by the entire Muslim community, but the Shi’a believed that Ali, Muhammad’s son-in-law and also cousin, had been chosen by the prophet to succeed him. This paper will research specific features and viewpoints of the Sunni Muslim and describe their past, present and future. It will further highlight their conflicts and where they stand on the worldview and in the eyes of the US government and the Taliban. At this point, it is important to mention that the defining belief of the Taliban is Sunn i Islam; however, their interpretation and practice of Islam, including Sharia law and female brutality, informed scholars’ decision to refer to them as fundamentalists or extremists (Goodson, 2002). The term Sunni is derived from the word Sunnah, which is an Arabic term that translates into â€Å"the traditions of Prophet Muhammad†. The Sunni Muslims agree with the other Islamic branches on many practical and theological aspects. This is because Islamic life stems from and is defined by Sharia (or Islamic) law. However, the areas that are unique to Sunni Muslims and set them apart from the start include the fact that they developed and grew from a controversy; they do not agree with claims that a successor was named by the prophet; they believed that companions of the prophet had authoritative leadership; and they relied on the consensus of scholars and religion. More contemporarily is their typical emphasis of Allah’s power and how he determines human fate. Th eir definition of what it entails being a Muslim is more inclusive, and that is why their tradition places prominence on the functions of religion in family (such as marriage, inheritance, divorce), political and public life (Goodson, 2002). For a better insight into Sunni Muslims, the research will be split into sections. Further, because the essence of Sunni Muslims is founded on their differences with the Shi’a Muslims, comparisons between the two will be used for the purpose of emphasis. History Although the Sunni would later develop theological and legal traditions and structures over the centuries, its fundamental origins are embedded in the caliph succession dispute. The 632 C.E. death of Muhammad pitted the Muslim community into a leadership wrangle because Muhammad did not have living heirs, who were required to be male. Without one that the community could agree upon, it followed that they split along the lines of choice of a leader, ending up with the Sunni and Shi ’a. Each sect had several subdivisions, but the Sunni and the Shi’a still represent the key divide in Islam (Johnson, 2010). Those who did not back the leadership of Ali adopted the name Sunni, which is a term that derives from ahl al-sunna wa al-jamaa. This is an Arabic phrase referring to a group of people who consider themselves to follow the ways of the prophet and are people of the community. They decided that the next caliph should come from the Quraysh tribe, to which the prophet belonged. Literature on Sunni history indicates that while the prophet

Child and the Law Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

Child and the Law - Case Study Example The multiple needs of the child, together with the fact that he has been acting as a caregiver for his mother, make the case a multifaceted one in which several different agencies need to be involved. The basic duty of care towards Justin involves assuring he receives parental care or in loco parentis care, adequate educational opportunities and medical provisions for the "signs of depression" that might incapacitate him or even put his life in risk if they were allowed to develop into full-blown depression. All these facets need to be taken into account. Taking each part of the account of Justin in turn, this analysis will first consider the "education supervision order" which he is under and also the fact that he has been "taken into care on a voluntary basis by Hoppingdean Social Services on a number of occasions". An education supervision order is an order that is granted by a family court under the provisions of section 36 of the Children Act, 1989. The Education Supervision Order (ESO) has a clear and compelling reasoning behind it. The ESO is designed to "ensure that the child receives an efficient full-time education, suitable to his or her age, ability and any Special Educational needs; and that the Child benefits fully from the education received" (cumbria, 2006). At the present time it appears as though the general provisions of such an order are not being met for Justin. Thus the fact that his "frequent absences" have left him without the peer group vital for social development at this age, and that despite the "remedial work" being offered by the school he "has fallen far behind on his schoolwork" shows that he is clearly not receiving an efficient education. The blame for this cannot be put at the school's door, as they appear to be meeting Justin's needs as far as is feasible for a general Comprehensive school. Neither, under the exceptional circumstances within which the family is living, can the blame be put on the mother who is suffering from depression and alcoholism. Normally the parents/parent would be required to attend a magistrate's court to discover why the elements of the ESO are not being met, but this would not be appropriate in this case. The question arises as to whether the fact that Justin has been taken into care on a number of occasions on a voluntary basis should offer the way forward: should Justin be taken into care on a full-time basis, thus transferring responsibility for the ESO onto the Local Authority Social Services Department. As it is the child exists in a kind of limbo in which no one agency, or his mother, is fully responsible for what is occurring to him. He clearly is not thriving within this situation, as his educational problems and initial signs of depression graphically illustrate. Some other action is needed. The case of Justin could be seen as an embodiment of the need for some kind of integrated services for at risk children in the United Kingdom. It was the realization of this need that led to the creation of the Children's Trusts. The Trusts were created in order to keep up with the Children Act of 2004. As the National Evaluation of the Trusts suggests, English Local Authorities and National Health Service organizations serving children, young people and families are expected to take steps to unify or co-ordinate these services . . . .Children's Trusts are the emerging framework in which improvements in outcomes for children and young people are to be brought

History ( global civilization ) Term Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

History ( global civilization ) - Term Paper Example Spanish trader in the 1503 also took many Africans as slaves. Bartering of goods produced outside Africa with slaves further increased the trade. The trader used to sell the slave for profits to Americas. Until the 18th century millions Africans were slaved while more than a million died along journey to coast. The removal of Africans made the population of the country decline also the continent face huge poverty issues. On the other hand, European countries wealth resulted from slavery. One of the biggest effects of slavery was rise to racism and differentiation in color. In the 18th century, movement against the slave trade began when Thomas Clarkson took steps to create awareness regarding the cruel act, and subsequently, the House of Lords enacted an Act for the abolition of The Slave Trade (Newman, pp. 23). Lastly, President Thomas Jefferson also signed a bill approved by Congress to prohibit the import of slaves in the United

Predicate Devices for Medical Stent Essay Example for Free

Predicate Devices for Medical Stent Essay Ostial Pro Stent Positioning System PREDICATE DEVICES:  ·Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Cordis ® Corporation, ATWTM Marker Wire Steerable Guidewire, K994358  ·Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Lake Region Manufacturing, Inc., Coronary, Peripheral and Renal Steerable Hydrophilic Guidewire, K042338  ·Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   EV3 ® Inc., Nitrex ® Guidewire, K031864  ·Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   BioSphere Medical, Inc., Sequitor TM Steerable Guidewire, K061171 PORGESâ„ ¢ Silicone double loop ureteral stent PREDICATE DEVICES:  ·Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   PORGES ureteral stent from BIVONA  ·Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   VORTEKâ„ ¢ and BIOSOFTâ„ ¢ ureteral double loop stents Description of Device The Ostial Pro Stent Positioning System is a medical grade, disposable guidewire system. The product will be used in coronary and renal stenting procedures. The product is provided sterile and intended for single use. This finished product will be compatible with 6, 7 and 8 French catheters. The PORGESâ„ ¢ Silicone double loop ureteral stents are supplied in kits containing the following: 1. A double loop ureteral stent and an obturator; 2. A guide-wire, where applicable; Predicate Devices  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   3 3. A pusher (where applicable supplied with a clamp) The ureteral stent kits are supplied sterile and for single use only. Functional Components Medical grade, disposable guidewire system. The product is provided sterile and intended for single use. This finished product will be compatible with 6, 7 and 8 French catheters. A double loop ureteral stent and an obturator; A guide-wire, where applicable; and, A pusher (where applicable supplied with a clamp) Principle of Operation The Ostial Pro Stent Positioning System will be used by interventional cardiologists and interventional radiologists to ensure precise stent implantation in aorta-ostial procedures. This is a double loop ureteral stent for use in the drainage of the upper urinary tract over fistulas or ureteral obstructions (e.g. periureteral tumour; cicatrisation stent; management of ureteral stenoses; partial enlargement of the diameter: localized stenoses connected with ureteropelvic junction; and, total enlargement of the diameter: stenoses over all or part of the ureter. Predicate Devices  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   4 Properties of Device Relevant to Diagnosis/Treatment/ Prevention/ Cure/ Mitigation of Condition The device is a medical grade, disposable guidewire system This finished product will be compatible with 6, 7 and 8 French catheters. The product will be used in coronary and renal stenting procedures. The catheter is manufactured entirely from silicone elastomer. The ureteral stents are made of the same yellow silicone tubing as the predicate silicone ureteral stent. They are steerable or non-steerable, and radiopaque. Renal and vesical loops may be either closed or open. The straight section may be totally or partially reinforced. The eyes are lateral and staggered and are situated every 2 cm along the entire length of the stent (except for the no eye on the straight section version). The ureteral stents have either a fixed core guide-wire, a movable core guide-wire or no guide-wire,depending upon the method of use. The steerable ureteral stents have connectable pushers, and non-steerable stents have simple pushers. All these properties are relevant for its intended use as specified below. Definition of Intended Use The Ostial Pro Stent Positioning System is intended for use in aorta-ostial procedures to introduce and position catheters, stents and other interventional devices within the coronary and peripheral vasculature. In addition, the Ostial Pro Stent Positioning System is intended to facilitate the alignment of interventional devices and function as an alignment tool. Predicate Devices  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   5 The PORGESâ„ ¢ Silicone double loop ureteral stent is intended for the exact same use as the current PORGES ureteral stent (K881744) and VORTEKâ„ ¢ and BIOSOFTâ„ ¢ ureteral double loop stents (K981591). The PORGESâ„ ¢ Silicone double loop ureteral stent is used for: A. Standard versions: 1. Drainage of the upper urinary tract over fistulas or ureteral obstructions (e.g. periureteral tumour 2. Cicatrisation stent B. Reinforced versions: 1. Management of ureteral stenoses 2. Partial enlargement of the diameter: localized stenoses connected with ureteropelvic junction 3. Total enlargement of the diameter; stenoses over all or part of the ureter. Comparison to â€Å"Substantially Equivalent† Device The indications for use for the predicate devices are substantially equivalent to the proposed indications for use for the Ostial Pro Stent Positioning System. The technological characteristics for the Ostial Pro Stent Positioning System are also substantially equivalent to the predicate devices. Any differences in the technological characteristics between the devices do not raise any new issues of safety or efficacy. Thus, the Ostial Pro Stent Positioning System is substantially equivalent to the predicate devices. Predicate Devices  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   6 Predicate Devices  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   6 The PORGESâ„ ¢ Silicone double loop ureteral stent has similar technological and performance characteristics to the predicate devices. The catheter is manufactured entirely from silicone elastomer as for the predicate devices. The ureteral stents are made of the same yellow silicone tubing as the predicate silicone ureteral stent. They are steerable or non-steerable, and radiopaque. Safety and Effectiveness Summary The safety of the Ostial Pro Stent Positioning System was evaluated through design verification testing, biocompatibility testing and preclinical animal testing. The collective results have demonstrated that the Ostial Pro Stent Positioning System is safe and is substantially equivalent to the respective predicate devices with regard to safety and efficacy. Any differences in technological characteristics between the Ostial Pro Stent Positioning System and the predicate devices do not raise any new issues of safety or efficacy. The PORGESâ„ ¢ Silicone double loop ureteral stent   is held to the same design, manufacture, and performance specifications as the predicate devices. Substantial equivalence of the devices with the VORTEKâ„ ¢ and BIOSOFTâ„ ¢ ureteral double loop stents (K981591) with respect to functional performance has been demonstrated in conformity with the FDA Guidance for the content of premarket notifications for ureteral stents dated February 10th, 1993. Where available, standard specifications are used Predicate Devices  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   7 to establish test methods. Tests are conducted in conditions similar to most unfavorable conditions of   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Predicate Devices  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   7 medical/surgical practice. The following tests have been performed : 1. Flow rate through the stent; 2. Elongation and tensile strength of the stent after a 18 month soaking period in different buffer solutions; 3. Loop strength The PORGESâ„ ¢ Silicone double loop ureteral stent passes biocompatibilityt esting per IS0 10993-1. The data currently available for the silicone stents enables them to be validated for an implantation period of up to 12 Predicate Devices  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   8 months. The decision to leave the withdrawal wire in place on the stent must be taken in relation to the planned implantation period. Periodic examinations via radiographic and/or cystoscopic means are recommended to evaluate stent efficiency and to observe for possible complications. The stent must be replaced if encrustation hampers drainage, if there is indication of infection in the area of the stentor in case of migration or rupture. Predicate Devices  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   9 References 510(k) Summary. 510(k) Notification K062192. 510(k) Premarket Notification. (2007).    Retrieved March 23, 2008, from Ostial Solutions, LLC.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   http://www.fda.gov/cdrh/pdf6/K062192.pdf Section J: 51O(k) Summary. PORGESâ„ ¢ Silicone double loop ureteral stent 510(k)   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   submission. (2002). Retrieved March 23, 2008.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   http://69.20.19.211/cdrh/pdf/k013921.pdf

Speed Cameras

Speed Cameras Speed Cameras Is it another con? Or is it another excuse? Or just another reason to exploit the most law abiding majority of drivers amongst us, where it was reported at the time, that we were already one of the safest countries, in the world, to drive in. This great governments novel idea to introduce a speed camera; ‘a roadside speed camera designed to catch speeding vehicles by taking video footage or a photograph Wordpower Dictionary; Was it another illustrious plan to gain public trust? What trust? Apply greater pressure on to our police to enforce this ridiculous money making scheme, and basically thats all it is, its a way of squeezing more money out of the innocent motorist, when they should be out there catching real criminals; like our corrupt politicians as a classic example. The Independent has indicated the countrys biggest force; The Metropolitan Police has refused to put up more speed cameras, despite government support to do so. It argues that the increase of cameras would fuel public bitterness towards the police, in what could be seen as a getting even more money out of the motorist. Speed cameras are to be seen as nice little earners. In Northamptonshire, the cash for cameras scheme where the local police allowed allowed to keep the money from speeding fines; brought about a major increase in convictions. In Essex alone, a single camera on the M11 raised just short of a million in a single week. Chief constables were undecided as to how the cameras should be displayed, a highly ranking officer of Norfolk police, wanted them to be bright and visible. That avoided the perception that they are cunningly hidden away to increase police profits. However, it also had a flaw, because serial offenders will simply brake as they approached the camera, and then speed up once past detection. Richard Alleyne of the Guardian reported in the last year alone, the number of speeding tickets has exceeded 1.5m for the first time, twice the number issued back in 1997 when New Labour first came to power. They accumulated  £88m from motorists in one year alone and have since raked in  £1 billion over the past decade. Average speed cameras have proved effective at persuading people to keep within the limits though. Nearly 100 cameras were installed at road works mostly on motorways and accident black spots, and according to data collected from five active camera sites, 99.4 per cent of drivers obey the speed limits. The numbers of motorists killed and seriously injured after the cameras had been installed has fallen considerably. There are new cameras now and how they work are; they link wirelessly to each other, are capable of tracking vehicles for up to 15 miles whichever route they decide take over a vast area. The cameras, which are named ‘Specs3 are to be fitted at entry and exit points in built-up areas and on our busy roads. They are capable of reading number plates which record the time as each car passes. Critics point out that even these new cameras will not deter motorists from indulging in short bursts of speed, because they will still average less than 20mph either when they stop at junctions, traffic lights or stuck in traffic. On main roads, the average speed cameras issue fewer tickets than conventional Gatso cameras, which measure speed over only a few yards, according to the manufacturers. Richard Alleyne also states that a representative for the Home Office confirmed that these new first average speed cameras are to be placed in 20mph zones and that they have also passed laboratory tests for effectiveness, but they have yet to be officially given the green light, which could be as early as 2010. The new time over distance devices are also seen as a way of dealing with the problem of motorists braking when they see a camera then accelerating once past it. They have already been used on our motorways where despite catching far fewer speeders than traditional speed cameras, they have dramatically reduced casualties. These new cameras would be far more expensive, compared to the ‘Gatso which are getting pushed out at  £50k a device, in an area of London is one of the most profitable cameras which is located at the bottom of M11 motorway near Woodford, Essex which is alleged in raking in over  £840k a week, creating extra revenue for the government, the one good thing that it has in its favour is that it has created more jobs as the demand for cameras have increase year-on year since the turn of the millennium. Speed Cameras are a really splendid idea when are strategically placed in build up areas; around our schools and are placed within our hospitals areas, they are an ubiquitous sight on our motorways and our ‘B roads, where the majority of cameras are not needed, they are situated there because they are ‘areas that encourage us to speed if you dont keep up with the traffic; it is also deemed a criminal offense. How easy is it to creep over the speed limit accidentally? Research from the Think Campaign indicates that a cut in speed to 20mph has a dramatic impact in making areas friendlier to cyclists and pedestrians. One in 40 pedestrians struck by a car at 20mph dies, compared with one in five at 30mph. Traffic managers throughout the country see them as a way of restoring calm to Britains neighbourhoods without resorting to intrusive calming devices such as those ridiculous road humps and chicanes; which cause unnecessary damage to vehicles no matter what speed you go over them, even the slightest bump knocks out the tracking and the wheel balance; which can cost a small fortune on realignment and tyres. A huge decline in the number of road deaths was achieved between the years of 1983 and 1993, and they have been largely associated when they introduced front seatbelt wearing law mandatory back in 1983, along with making better-designed cars and having major reductions in drink driving fatalities. Factors likely to be responsible for the slowing rate of reduction between 1993 and 2003 include continued increases in traffic (up from 583 billion passenger kilometres 1993 to 634 billion passenger kilometres in 2002(2); sharp increases in motorcycle casualties (up from 427 in 1993(3) to 609 in 2002(4); a levelling-off of drink drive fatality numbers (up from 520 in 1993 to 560 in 2002(5); a decline in seatbelt-wearing and the increased use of mobile phones while driving. Another point in the decrease of deaths and accidents not attributed by speed was the introduction of the hazard and perception test back in 2003 (6) (Think) along with the theory questions prior to gaining your licence, making people more aware out on the roads. 1. (2001). Readers Digest Word Power Dictionary. London: Readers Digest. 942. 2. DfT. 2003b. Transport statistics for Great Britain 2002. DfT: London. 3. DoT. 1994. Road Accidents Great Britain 1993. HMSO: London. 4. National Statistics /DfT. 2003. Road Casualties Great Britain 2002: Annual Report. TSO: London. 5. Ibid. 6. dft.gov.uk/think Another interesting factor that contributed to these figures was the inexperience of drivers in the 17-25 year old bracket; showing no respect to our authorities and the people around them; thinking that the world owes them something; driving like lunatics to impress their friends and the opposite sex that are travelling with them in the car, break neck speeds which would even have the grim reaper laughing on their shoulders, crashing and causing deaths, resulting in mayhem on our roads and creating distress for the families of the victims. I know this because I used to be one of them, fortunately for me I grew out of this wild, childlike behaviour before I got caught, even worse killed. Many outsiders that are flooding this nation; bringing their bad driving habits with them, unleashing their inexperience on to our roads. A sound solution to this would be to increase the age limit to apply for your provisional to 21, (which I believe is under review); where we can only hope that they are all that little bit more mature and realise how dangerous a vehicle can be. To do this would mean that the government would miss the extra revenue that is collected in taxes from the extortionate prices the insurance companies charge these youngsters. Conclusion Speed cameras, are similar to speed limits, they play a useful role. The United Kingdom has fewer deaths on the road than most other countries in the world its because of tightly monitored limits. Especially at accident black spots, speed cameras can significantly reduce the number of road deaths. An argument can be raised for increasing the 70mph speed limit (and then strictly police the higher limit). In built-up areas, however, limits could be lower than they are now. Finally, we must remember that the importance of speed limits and cameras alike are to save peoples lives, and are not to be abused as a government made up tax. Speed limits exist to encourage people to drive sensibly; speed cameras exist in order to remind drivers that they cannot break those limit. Success, however, is not when the police funds are significantly increased because so many people drive dangerously over the speed limit, but a speed-camera job is if more drivers can (at last) persuade to drive at safer speeds. Bibliography DoT. 1994. Road Accidents Great Britain 1993. HMSO: London. (2001). Readers Digest Word Power Dictionary. London: Readers Digest. 942. (2001). Speed cameras are for saving lives, not raising cash. Available: http://www.independent.co.uk/opinion/leading-articles/speed-cameras-are-for-saving-lives- not-raising-cash-664735.html. Last accessed 14 December 2009. DfT. 2003b. Transport statistics for Great Britain 2002. DfT: London. (2003). The slower speeds Inititive. Available: http://www.slower-speeds.org.uk/files/10myths031220.pdf. Last accessed 14 December 2009. National Statistics /DfT. 2003. Road Casualties Great Britain 2002: Annual Report. TSO: London. Ibid. Richard Alleyne. (2009). Average speed cameras installed in neighbourhoods for the first time. Available: http://www.telegraph.co.uk/science/6743003/Average-speed-cameras-installed-in-neighbourhoods-for-the-first-time.html. Last accessed 10 December 2009. (2009). Speed Urban. Available: http://www.dft.gov.uk/think/focusareas/driving/speedurban?page=FAQwhoareyou_id=. Last accessed 14 December 2009 Paul Maloy Argumentative Essay 1st draft

Probability and Genetics Essay -- Mathmatics Math Papers

Probability and Genetics Probability theory is the study of the likelihood of an occurrence of random events in order to predict future behaviors of a system (2). The principles of probability are widely used. In genetics, for example, probability is used to estimate the likelihood of gene distribution from one generation to the next. In business, insurance companies use the principles of probability to determine risk groups. Probability is closely related to statistics since uncertainty always exists when statistical predictions are being made. A number between 0 and 1 represents the probability of an outcome (1). The probability of an impossible event is 0. Where as the probability of something that is certain to occur is 1. The theory of probability is recognized as being developed by Blaise Pascal with help from his friend Pierre de Fermat. Blaise Pascal was born at Clermont, France on June 19, in 1623. He was the third child of Etienne Pascal, and his only son. Blaise was only 3 when his mother died (3). In 1631, his family moved to Paris to carry on the education of Blaise, who had already displayed exceptional ability. Pascal was home taught, and to ensure that he was not overworked, his father decided that his studies would only involve the languages, and should not include any mathematics. At the age of twelve, Pascal demonstrated to his tutor an interest in geometry. He was stimulated by the subject, and gave up his playtime and chose to study geometry instead. In a few weeks, he discovered the many properties of geometric figures, in particular, that the sum of the angels of a triangle equals180 degrees. Impressed by Pascal’s display, his father gave him a copy of Euclid's Elements, which Pascal read and soon ma... ...volve money. By playing the odds right, someone could win big, either at a card table or on Wall Street. Probability makes random events look like very predictable ones. Work Cited 1. Campbell, Neil, Jane Reece, Lawerence Mitchell. Biology fifth edition. Addison Wesley Longman, Inc., 1999 2.Interactive Mathematics Miscellany and Puzzles, Probability. http://www.cut-the-knot.com/probability.html.( 12/5/99) 3. Pascal. http://www-groups.dcs.st-and.ac.uk/~history/Mathematicians/Pascal.html. (12/5/99) 4. A Short History of Probability. From Calculus, Volume II by Tom M. Apostol (2nd edition, John Wiley & Sons, 1969 ) On line: http://www.cc.gatech.edu/classes/cs6751_97_winter/Topics/stat-meas/probHist.html. (12/5/99) 5.Wilkins, D. R. Blaise Pascal (1623 – 1662) http://www.maths.tcd.ie/pub/HistMath/People/Pascal/RouseBall/RB_Pascal.html. (12/5/99)