Dramatic Irony in Hamlet Essay - 2946 Words

Dramatic irony in the Shakespearean tragedy Hamlet has long been the subject matter of literary critical reviews. This essay will exemplify and elaborate on the irony in the play. David Bevington in the Introduction to Twentieth Century Interpretations of Hamlet identifies one of the â€Å"richest sources of dramatic irony† in Hamlet: Well may the dying Hamlet urge his friend Horatio to â€Å"report me and my cause aright To the unsatisfied,† for no one save Horatio has caught more than a glimpse of Hamlet’s true situation. We as omniscient audience, hearing the inner thoughts of Claudius as well as of Hamlet and learning of Polonius’ or Laertes’ secret plottings with the king, should remember that we know vastly more than the play’s†¦show more content†¦George Lyman Kittredge, in his book, Five Plays of Shakespeare, describes the Bard’s excellent characterization of Claudius: King Claudius is a superb figure – almost as great a dramatic creation as Hamlet himself. His intellectual powers are of the highest order. He is eloquent – formal when formality is appropriate (as in the speech from the throne), graciously familiar when familiarity is in place (as is his treatment of the family of Polonius), persuasive to an almost superhuman degree (as in his manipulation of the insurgent Laertes) – always and everywhere a model of royal dignity. His courage is manifested, under the most terrifying circumstances, when the mob breaks into the palace. His self-control when the dumb show enacts his secret crime before his eyes is nothing less than marvelous. (xviii) The irony found in the characterization of the antagonist is balanced by an equal irony in the presentation of the protagonist. Hamlet is present at the court gathering -- dressed in black, the color of mourning, for his deceased father. He is not a man of the world, but rather demurring and thoughtful and by himself. His first words say that Claudius is A little more than kin and less than kind, indicating a dissimilarity in valuesShow MoreRelatedEssay about Dramatic Irony in Hamlet1199 Words   |  5 PagesDramatic Irony is Hamlet What is Dramatic Irony? -Dramatic Irony is when the words and actions of the characters in a work of literature are known to the audience or reader, but they are not known to certain characters in the story. The reader or audience has a greater knowledge of many of the characters themselves. -Shakespeare employs dramatic irony in many of his tragedies, so that the audience is engaged, and so they are able to witness characters errors in their action, predict the fateRead MoreWilliam Shakespeares Hamlet1172 Words   |  5 PagesHamlet is a complex story that uses many literary devices to help develop the characters in Hamlet. One dominant device is irony. The main plot of the story revolves around irony. Hamlet is a witty character and loves to use irony. Hamlet’s use of irony displays how he insults people, discovers useful information, and reveals his true character. The use of irony in this story helps to add depth to each character, which is why Hamlet is one of Shakespeare’s most complex stories. There are three typesRead MoreIrony in Hamlet970 Words   |  4 PagesIn Act 3, Scene 4, Hamlet is asked by his mother, Gertrude, to reveal what was making him act like he was crazy. Hamlet believes that Gertrude is truly having a heart to heart with him and really desires to put Hamlet’s troubles to ease. However, what Hamlet does not know is that Gertrude allows Polonius to hide being the arras to overhear their conversation for King Claudius. As the audience, we are aware that Polonius is in the room with Gertrude and Hamlet, but Hamlet is unaware of his presenceRead More Use of Irony in A Streetcar Named Desire and Hamlet Essay706 Words   |  3 Pages In both A Streetcar Named Desire and Hamlet, Tennessee Williams and William Shakespeare, respectively, demonstrate their abilities to create engaging plays which work on several levels in order to produce the desired effect. One of the most important characteristics of these plays is the playwrights success in using their words to create the worlds surrounding their works. Both Shakespeare and Williams effectively use irony in the aforementioned plays, both in the plot Read MoreThe Point Of The Gravediggers Riddles And Songs In Hamlet Analysis1331 Words   |  6 Pagesthe tragic and dramatic ending. The gravedigger sings, â€Å"In youth when I did love, did love, / Methought it was very sweet / To contract–o–the time, for–a–my behove, / Oh, methought, there–a–was nothing–a–meet. Has this fellow no feeling of his business? He / sings at grave- making.† (5.1.58-62). This is a weird scene since the man is singing happily, while doing something scary, digging graves. This is what causes comic relief to the readers. Describe the effect of dramatic irony in this scene.Read MoreUse of Soliloquies in Hamlet Essay941 Words   |  4 Pagesthe play Hamlet by William Shakespeare, the use of soliloquies allows the audience to know what the characters are feeling and what their pure motives are. They are also able to hear the characters’ thoughts directly. The character’s secrets are revealed only to the audience which gives way for irony to take a part in the play. Shakespeare uses soliloquies throughout the play enhance the story by making the personal thoughts and feelings of characters open to the audience, creating irony, and settingRead MoreTheme Of Irony In Hamlet732 Words   |  3 PagesIrony is a literary device that signifies the opposite of its intended meaning. It is used for humorous or emphatic effect. A rhetorical device that conveys a message that is clear to the audience but unknown to the character. There are three types of irony which include: 1). Dramatic irony : Occurs when the audience knows something that the characters do not. 2). Situational irony : Occurrence of unintended circumstances of events. 3). Verbal irony: Occurs when the speaker says the opposite ofRead MoreLiterary Techniques Of Hamlet By William Shakespeare1700 Words   |  7 Pages In the literary masterpiece Hamlet by William Shakespeare, the use of literary techniques contributes significantly to the development of the theme. The story of Hamlet belongs to a tradition of revenge tragedies that were familiar to the Elizabethan audiences. The theme of the play is: when one’s actions are tainted with corruption, their actions can result in others seeking revenge for the pleasures of gratification. The literary technique of parallelism contributes to the developmentRead MoreWilliam Shakespeare s A Midsummer Night s Dream, Macbeth, And Hamlet1157 Words   |  5 PagesAnne Hathaway in 1582 and had three children, two being twin girls. By 1597, Hamlet had begun to establish himself, and 15 out of the 37 plays he wrote were published. From then on, Shakespeare’s works continued to be published. Shakespeare is now said to be a famous English poet because of his works such as Romeo and Juliet, A Midsummer Night’s Dream, Macbeth, and Hamlet. Part Two: Analysis/ Theme The tragedy of Hamlet by William Shakespeare takes the reader on a journey throughout Hamlet’s manyRead MoreDramatic irony is when the audience or reader knows the words and actions of the characters in a600 Words   |  3 PagesDramatic irony is when the audience or reader knows the words and actions of the characters in a work of literature, but certain characters in the story do not know them. The reader or audience has a greater knowledge of many of the characters themselves. Shakespeare employs dramatic irony in many of his tragedies; so that the audience is engaged, and so they are able to witness characters errors in their action, predict the fate of the characters, and experience feelings of tragedy and grief. As

The Ue of Diet pills among adolescent girls Essay

The Use of Diet Pills among Adolescent Girls Dieting is a common occurrence in our country, but dieting is most common among adolescent girls. Since millions of Americans try to lose weight every year, many of them turn to weight-loss pills for help (MFMER 2004). Dieting may place the risk of using unhealthy weight control behaviors such as diet pills (Eisenberg, Neumark-Sztainer, Story, amp; Perry 2004). A study by the CDC showed that 10.9 percent of adolescent girls use diet pills as their weight-loss strategy (Eisenberg, Neumark-Sztainer, Story, amp; Perry 2004). The study showed that 10.9 percent of adolescent girls use diet pills as their weight-loss strategy (Eisenberg, Neumark-Sztainer, Story, amp; Perry 2004). The quest for†¦show more content†¦An unintended outcome of the current weight-centered approach toward health is that in the United States people, especially teenagers, are literally dying to be thin through weight-loss drugs (Cogan 1999). â€Å"Diverse adverse effects of weight-loss programs and dangerous weight-loss strategies such as prescription and over-the-counter diet pills, pose serious health risks (Cogan 1999). When taking a weight-loss supplement, the individual still has to eat fewer calories than burned in order to lose weight (MFMER 2004). Even if these products help you lose weight initially, the individual would have to continue taking the in order for the weight to stay off, which is neither practical nor safe (MFMER 2004). â€Å"A number of weight-loss aids are available at your local drugstore, supermarket, and health food store. Most haven’t been proved safe and effective, and some are downright dangerous.† (MFMER 2004) Research has suggested that social factors, including friends and broader cultural norms, may be associated with the onset of using diet pills among adolescents (Eisenberg, Neumark-Sztainer, Story, amp; Perry 2004). Researchers have begun to uncover the social factors that affect an adolescent’s decision to start taking diet pills as a weight-loss strategy (Eisenberg, Neumark-Sztainer, Story, amp; Perry 2004). These social factors include direct persuasion from parents, social norms from the media, and need toShow MoreRelated_x000C_Introduction to Statistics and Data Analysis355457 Words   |  1422 Pagesin Figure 1.4(a) by ââ€"  Data set available online 14 C h a p t e r 1 ââ€"   The Role of Statistics and the Data Analysis Process F i g u r e 1 . 3 A number line. F i g u r e 1 . 4 Possible val- –3 –2 –1 0 1 2 3 ues of a variable: (a) number of cylinders; (b) quartermile time. 0 2 4 (a) 6 8 0 5 10 (b) 15 20 the dots at the points marked 4, 6, and 8. These possible values are isolated from one another on the line; around any possible

Competition in the Golf Equipment Industry Free Essays

1. Discuss the trends in the golf equipment industry and how it may impact a company’s strategy. Ans: According to new the United States Golf Association (USGA), Golf equipment manufacturers are forced to launch the equipment within the limitation. We will write a custom essay sample on Competition in the Golf Equipment Industry or any similar topic only for you Order Now Therefore, the product differentiation is not quite high while recreational golfers do not enjoy playing due to lack of innovational equipment. Also, the USGA states that there are various factors that result in the declining of golfers such as: Game difficulty: Golf equipment manufacturers are forced to follow the new USGA rules, thus, recreational golfers are suffered from the limitation of golf equipments. They cannot enjoy playing golf as much as before while new golfers face the difficulty of playing. – Time consuming for practice: According to the limited innovation of golf equipment, golfers need lots of time to practice while they also have take responsibility to their job and spend time with their families. – High golf fee: Some golfers realize that golf fee is high, as a result, they  cannot practice frequently. . Discuss the importance of innovation, brand, performance, and price in the golf equipment industry. Ans: Good reputation and image can lead to br and loyalty. That’s why many brands use lots of advertising expenditure to promote their brands. As the leading sports brand in the world, Nike has a clear marketing advantage over its competitors. Nike spends some of their annual revenues on advertising to build strong brands by using celebrity endorsements aim to grow the market share in the golf segment. Golf product brand equity depends on the performance of its endorsed players. The performances of the professional golfers sponsored by each brand strongly relates to sales. Innovation in the golf industry is an important part of equipment adoption. Because of the fleeting life span of golf clubs, adoption of new drivers and putters is critical to any golf equipment manufacturer’s strategy. Performance in golf equipment is closely tied to PGA professionals and well known amateurs who use certain clubs and brands to help promote the value of the equipment. Counterfeit golf equipment has continued to impact pricing of golf equipment by being sold worldwide which s a threat to the golf industry because the counterfeits can be sold much less than the originals. Callaway’s strength has been its line of Big Bertha drivers and the acquisition of the Top-Flite Golf company which allowed Callaway to manufacturer popular golf ball equipment. The weakness has been the golf club business which has lost money according to third quarter reporting. The financia l report shows a 28% of net sales in the third quarter of 2010 as compared to 31% of net sales in 2009 third quarter. TaylorMade’s strength has been its improvement to the drivers namely the r5 and r7 series which supplanted Callaway’s Big Bertha as the driver of choice for many golfers. The weakness of TaylorMade Golf has been in putters, irons and golf balls. Never really gaining in these fields over Callaway, much of this business was sold or minimized. Titleist’s strength is its golf ball market share. Its weakness has been its golf club line which has been targeted to elite golfers, though not adopted widely by many golfers. Ping Golf’s strength has been in the iron segment in 2008. Its weakness has been poor wedge sales  (Strickland III, Thompson, Gamble, 2010, pp. C-95 – C-96). Nike’s strength is the marketability of its primary endorsement, Tiger Woods, along with its popular golf ball line. Its weakness has been a quality issue with product that was sold at less than suggested retail due to this issue. 3. Identify the strengths and weakness of Callaway, TaylorMade, Titleist, Ping, and Nike. Determine which company has a competitive advantage in the marketplace and state why you believe this to be true. Ans: Overall the best golf company in my opinion is definetly, Titleist. Also, below, I listed the best product for each category of golf equipment. Driver: Taylor Made super quad Irons: Titleist AP2 (leading irons on tour); Woods: 906F4’s; Hybrid: adams hybrids (leading hybrid on tour) Wedges: Titleist Vokey spin milled or 200 series (leading wedge on tour) Putter: any  Titleist Scotty Cameron  that fits you (leading putter on tour) Balls:  Titleist Pro V1  or Pro V1x (leading ball on tour and my personal favorites) Bag: Ping (they have outstanding long lasting quality bags! Glove: Titleist Yardage device: Bushnell Shoes: Footjoy (particularly Dry Joys) Grips: Lampkins or Golf Pride ( especially the dual density  lamkin grips) 4. Based on the company selected in the previous discussion, recommend how the company can ensure that its competitive advantage is sustained. a. Strong research and Innovation: The technology industry is one of the leading industries with res pect to  strong research and innovation. And when it comes to setting the pace using innovation as leverage;  Apple and Sony  are the two companies that have held their leadership position using innovation as a competitive advantage. b. Brand Popularity: Being recognized all over the world as a respected brand is a  sustained competitive advantage that companies such as Virgin, Apple and Coca cola  have used as leverage to hold the market sway for years. Virgin is a company that has used its brand name as leverage to break into new markets  in completely new territories. . Corporate reputation: Corporate reputation is  a form of sustained competitive advantage  that companies such as Price Waterhouse and Berkshire Hathaway have leveraged to become world class entities. d. Strategic assets: Holding strategic assets such as  patents is a strong source of sustained competitive advantage  and General Electric has stood the test of time because of the several patents held. Mind you that possession of these stra tegic assets has made  General Electric one of the most powerful companies in the world. e. High volume production: Dangote Group of companies became one of the leading conglomerates in Africa because of its ability to produce goods on high volume and ensure a uniform price throughout  Nigeria. f. Access to working Capital: Generally, public liability companies (quoted companies) have a  sustained competitive advantage over private companies because of their infinite capacity to raise capital from the public. Take a look at  how Oracle acquired 57 companies in a space of five years  and Reliance Industries investing a billion dollars in a single swoop to open a chain of retail stores. . Superior Product or customer support: IKEA has become a market leader in the furniture industry because of its ability to provide superior product at an affordable rate; backed by a strong customer support system. h. Flexibility: The ability to change swiftly is a  strength and source of sustained competitive advantage that Microsoft  leveraged upon to become the largest software company in the world. i. Low pricing: Wal-Mart as at the time of this writing is the most capitalized company in the world. Thanks to its low pricing strategy that became its strong source of competitive advantage. How to cite Competition in the Golf Equipment Industry, Papers

Human Resource Management and Performance

Question: Discuss about the Human Resource Management and Performance. Answer: Introduction Human resource development is an important aspect for multinational companies in order to get better competitive advantage in the marketplace both in terms of productivity and in terms of maintaining best-fit organizational culture. Development of human resource management is related to the development of integrated and strategic approach towards workforce management. The study focuses the changing trend of human resource management due to the change of business environment and influence of stakeholders on formulating strategies of human resources for performance management and other benefits to the employees. The changing trends of HRM includes diversity in employment, changing migration patterns, employee relations implications, increased female participation in workplaces, training developments, etc. However, the study will discuss the importance of stakeholders in a company as well as their impact in the HR department of companies. Influence of changing environment The core aspects of human resource management of a company consists of various departments such as employment existing, employee development, reward management, employee resourcing, HR administration, talent management, employee benefits, strategy and organization, etc. The HR strategy of an organization is focused on current competencies as well as vision of the company in future. A gap analysis should be detected so that the new strategies will be more effective when compared to the previous HR strategy of the companies (Kehoe and Wright 2013). The environmental impact of the organization can be categorized into internal environmental factors, micro environmental factors, and macro environmental factors. Internal factors include employees, unions and business units. Micro factors include competitors, public, customers, suppliers, partners, intermediaries and entrants. External environment factors consist of culture, politics, education, technology, legal, regulations, economy, natu ral resources, and society. Internal environmental factors is responsible for creating an impact on organization size and structure, profile of workforce, companys values and ideology, locus of various HR strategy formulation, and established traditions and HRM practices (Jiang et al. 2012). However, to meet the factors of the external environmental factors, Porters generic strategies are also used in formulation of HR strategies that are related to the organization values and companies. This approach describes the HR strategy in terms of optimal strategy that will fit the strategy of the organization. This type of fit is known as vertical fit. The HR managers of companies must focus on the aspects of cost leadership, differentiation and focus in the perspective of employee relations, workforce profile with the selected strategy (Jackson et al. 2014). Apart from that, HR managers implement the policies of Pfeffers 7 key HRM practices in the organizational perspective. The key aspects of the theoretical implications are employment security, targeted selection, decentralization workplace teams, higher pay contingent on performance of company, employee training, diminished status differentials and sharing of business information sharing with workforce. Practice of these aspects will help in developing trust, commitment, etc. thus increasing the productivity of the employees and company as a whole (Buller and McEvoy 2012). Stakeholders analysis Stakeholder analysis is an important aspect that is important not only in strategic management department of the organization but also for the HR department of the company. Stakeholders are the group of people that are involved in various decisions of a particular company. Stakeholders consist of owners, employees, community, customers, insurance companies, managers, etc. Stakeholders in this perspective of formulation of human resource management strategies of organizations create an impact in the minds of the HR managers. Involvement of stakeholders will help in rectifying the errors of the strategy by the associated HR managers (Alfes et al. 2013). The goal of HR projects is to increase the productivity of the employees as well as employee retention. It has a direct relation to the profitability of the company and increased productivity of the company. Different kinds of employees and people from community are involved in many cases of the formulation of HR strategies. However, there are many positive aspects when stakeholders involve in the formulation of HR strategies. Different kinds of stakeholders will have different viewpoints that might be beneficial for the HR department to proceed in a particular direction (Purce 2014). In many circumstance, it can be said that HR managers overlook some issues of the organization and formulate the strategies that will not be effective in the perspective of performance management and reward management of the company. In the human resource department of multinational companies, not only employees and owners are involved in the strategy formulation part but also the customers and communit ies are involved (Renwick et al. 2013). Inclusion of community will help in maintaining sustainable HR strategies that will cope up the changing business needs. Apart from development of science and technologies, the trend of human resource is also changing day by day. However, multinational companies involve the stakeholders of the company to incorporate the changes that is happening in the internal environment of the company as well as the external environment. Incorporation of the recent trends in the HR policies is essential in order to retain the talent pool within the organization. Big multinational giants like Google, McDonalds, etc. are known for its improved HR strategies. Small medium enterprises usually try to follow the HR strategies of the big companies. Apart from that, leadership is also having an impact on the employee motivation and employee involvement in different operational department of the organization (Bratton and Gold 2012). Influence of stakeholders on HR strategies Stakeholders have a vivid role in the various operational departments of organizations. In the changing business environment, business enterprises are competing with each other not only in terms of marketing and increased sales but also in terms of various activities of human resource management. Employees are considered as the assets of organizations. Employees must have satisfaction in order to develop their skills and improved performance within the organization. There are different aspects of performance appraisal measures such as recruitment, selection, compensation management, training development and labor relations (Hendry 2012). Strategies are formulated in order to improve these HRM aspects. Stakeholders will help in minimizing the gaps that are occurred in the strategy formulation that are not identifiable by the HR managers sometimes. Apart from that, there are some ethical concerns that have to keep in mind while formulating HR strategies with respect to the current cha nges of the business environment. Companies can use 360-degree feedback in order to improve the performance of the company in order to complete the feedback process of the workers for improvement of the performance. It helps in keeping in track of the problems faced by the employees (Armstrong and Taylor 2014). It is seen that companies of Ireland are not efficient in the field of performance management activities. Various types of surveys and research are done that illustrates that the managers are not having competent skills while customization of the theoretical frameworks of the HRM strategies. Conclusion The study consists of different types of factors of environment that has created an impact not only on the strategic management aspects but also on the human resource aspects. The stakeholders of the companies are responsible for formulation of improved HR strategies that will not only increase the profitability of the organizations but also the retention of employees. The study illustrates mostly the influence of stakeholders and their impact in the improved competitive HRM functions of the companies. Instances of different companies are also provided in the study so that they can illustrate the topic at an ease. Implementations of theoretical frameworks are also illustrated in a detailed manner for coping up with the changing business environment. References Alfes, K., Shantz, A.D., Truss, C. and Soane, E.C., 2013. The link between perceived human resource management practices, engagement and employee behaviour: a moderated mediation model.The international journal of human resource management,24(2), pp.330-351. Armstrong, M. and Taylor, S., 2014.Armstrong's handbook of human resource management practice. Kogan Page Publishers. Bratton, J. and Gold, J., 2012.Human resource management: theory and practice. Palgrave Macmillan. Buller, P.F. and McEvoy, G.M., 2012. Strategy, human resource management and performance: Sharpening line of sight.Human resource management review,22(1), pp.43-56. Hendry, C., 2012.Human resource management. Routledge. Jackson, S.E., Schuler, R.S. and Jiang, K., 2014. An aspirational framework for strategic human resource management.The Academy of Management Annals,8(1), pp.1-56. Jiang, K., Lepak, D.P., Han, K., Hong, Y., Kim, A. and Winkler, A.L., 2012. Clarifying the construct of human resource systems: Relating human resource management to employee performance.Human Resource Management Review,22(2), pp.73-85. Kehoe, R.R. and Wright, P.M., 2013. The impact of high-performance human resource practices on employees attitudes and behaviors.Journal of management,39(2), pp.366-391. Purce, J., 2014. The impact of corporate strategy on human resource management.New Perspectives on Human Resource Management (Routledge Revivals),67. Renwick, D.W., Redman, T. and Maguire, S., 2013. Green human resource management: A review and research agenda.International Journal of Management Reviews,15(1), pp.1-14.