Marketing funtions

Principles of Marketing Seaworthy College In any type of organization, the internal marketing strategy and end result can greatly affect the outcome of any measured external results. Internal marketing is created and carried out In order to align, motivate and empower all employees on all levels of the business. When employees feel motivated and empowered, what follows is typically positive customer experiences that are truly aligned with the firms' organizational goals. Success in any business starts with the many roles that employees will play, in which each roll affects all others.One role the employee will play is the worker that they are in the environment they are provided. An employer or internal marketer needs to provide a work environment that enables the employee to feel excited and rewarded by their everyday duties. If the employee feels motivated by the excitement or reward, they will strive to Increase their performance. Increased performance, In turn, Increases customer satisfaction. With both employees and customers satisfied, all levels of the organization will then be satisfied. If satisfied, the employees and customers will remain loyal to the organization.Employees will also be more apt to remain loyal if they are aware of any possible challenges and given direction. All of these roles will help evolve and preserve the compass culture, with little culture or low productivity could greatly benefit from internal marketing. Internal marketing is also achieved through quality management training. This is a form of training that will enable the staff to see the cycle between employee relations and producing quality products or services. Communication with employees will increase heir knowledge, which in turn creates greater awareness and allows for the expression of opinion.Along with communication and awareness, incentives can greatly affect attitude, knowledge, and the willingness to offer an opinion. Some incentives available are positive worki ng conditions, salary recognition, and personal growth. Positive internal marketing looks to adjoin departments which will increase harmony and further improve communication. Overall, the main objectives of internal marketing are to keep the internal stakeholders satisfied and motivated. In turn, as an end result, it will keep the external customers satisfied. It will also improve employee relations and core competencies.Core competencies are defined as the strengths and advantages of a business. These competencies allow a company to expand, but should be unique enough where they cannot be replicated. All internal marketing will affect the external outcomes of each business. When the internal strengths are matched with external opportunities, all needs of customers will be met. Therefore, organizations should convert any internal weakness to strengths and all external threats into opportunities. Internal strengths ND weaknesses should be analyzed for insight on accomplishing any int ernal goals.It will also open awareness for advantages in achieving external goals. A review of employees and production will allow someone to spot possible advantages or impediments. A review of the financial ratios should be conducted to compare with other competitors. Possible external opportunities would be gaps in the market where no company is actually serving. This will allow for a new market or growth opportunity. Possible threats would be any competitors or new products. Most successful businesses not only consistently analyze their marketing, but also look to create a customer centered business.This is done by starting with the customers instead of starting with the product. Starting with the customer is creating a business' actions to support sales and staff to meet the specific clients' needs. More simply put, it's putting the customer first. Same positive result. The strategies are based around creating a quality product and correctly responding to complaints and inquir ies. This is achieved through seven steps that are completed at the business level. The first step is to communicate your central philosophy simply but meaningfully. A few short words shouldn't be hard to remember but mean the business.The second step is to elaborate the company's core values. This is a definition of how the customers, employees, and vendors should be treated at all times. The third step is to reinforce your commitment continually. The more often it is stated, the better it will stick. The fourth step is to make it visual. If an employee sees the philosophy and commitment in every day surroundings, it will become second nature. If the customer sees the same, they will begin to realize what the company strives on. The fifth step is to make it a focus during orientation.Orientation is the time where new hires take the key elements of the business away from the table. If it is mentioned in orientation, they will know the importance. The sixth step is to train, support, hire, and enforce. Some employees need to be taught and encouraged to follow new ways of thinking and acting. This will, in turn, generate loyalty and enthusiasm amongst customers. This is typically done through training, learning, coaching, observation, and feedback. The final step is to instill the idea of including the world. It creates the actions of going above and ended. Customer's decisions are based on a five step process.This process consists of problem recognition, information search, alternative evaluation, purchase decision, and post purchase behavior. Interactions with a company can be placed anywhere in steps two through four due to impact factors. These impact factors consist of past experiences, cognitive bias, individual differences, personal relevance, and escalation of commitment. Past results of a product will determine if the product will continue to be purchased. If the result was positive, then the action will be repeated. If the result was negative, then the action will be avoided in the future.Cognitive bias consists of many factors. Belief bias is the overconfidence on prior knowledge. Hindsight bias is when one is ready to explain the inevitable. Omission bias is omitting any info that may be perceived as risky. Confirmation bias is that the customer observes what they expected. Individual differences are based on socioeconomic status, age, and cognitive abilities. The older generation may be more confident in decision making because they have more ability to apply strategy. The socioeconomic status is meaning that some may eve less access to education and resources so they are not informed enough to make a decision.Personal relevance comes from a person feeling that their decision matters. When they feel this way, they are more likely to decide. They want to see the importance of their actions. Escalation of commitment is simply continued loyalty. Decisions, it's time to investigate the effectiveness of the marketing. This is done by various investigation techniques. One way is through search engine optimization. This is the ability to gauge the company's popularity as compared to other companies. It tracks how many times internet users have clicked on the links for the particular site.Another option is through quarterly revenue. This compares revenue against marketing campaigns. This will inform you of what actually makes the product sell. Surveys are a basic way of questioning how people feel. Surveys are done in a variety of ways, but if sent via email, there are certain services that are able to track how many of the sent emails were opened. From that number, they can they track how many went into the website. All of the options for data collection are sent through a marketing decision purport system. This is a system that is used to interpret and evaluate data.

Ethics and Euthanasia Essay Example

Ethics and Euthanasia Essay Example Ethics and Euthanasia Paper Ethics and Euthanasia Paper Euthanasia or mercy killing has long been a debated topic. The question is whether it is humane for a person to choose his own death when it is inevitable and prolonging his/her life would only lengthen his/her suffering. It may be so when the patient still has the capacity to acknowledge the act but in some cases, the patient can no longer respond to any given stimuli. In these special cases, close relatives are given the right to decide for the patient but this should still be subject to some regulation as giving the such decision-making power to another person may lead to abuse. It is important to know the facts behind euthanasia and how it is classified before discussing the moral and ethical issues associated with it. It is classified into four types which are passive and active euthanasia and voluntary and involuntary euthanasia. Passive and active euthanasia are different that passive euthanasia involves â€Å"withdrawing medical treatment† and active euthanasia â€Å"is taking steps to cause the patients death†. They are both classified as a form of euthanasia but the first one is more accepted in an ethical perspective (Pregnant Pause, 2001). An example of passive euthanasia is when a patient is already fully dependent on a life support mechanism to sustain life such as a respirator. In such a case, the patient may choose to disconnect the respirator to die a painless death when he/she wishes to do so. A more classical example of passive euthanasia is a â€Å"do not resuscitate order†. In standard medical practice, when there is a threat to a patient’s life, the medical staff will try to resuscitate him/her but when the medical staff chooses not to do so, this is considered as passive euthanasia. On the other hand, active euthanasia which is the more controversial form of mercy killing involves ingesting into the patient poison which usually is an overdose of painkillers and sleeping pills such as morphine. In comparison, active euthanasia is subject to a lot of debate thus legalizing it would result in much clamor for the religious sector whereas there is not much moral and ethical arguments against passive euthanasia (Pregnant Pause, 2001). Euthanasia is also categorized as voluntary and involuntary. Voluntary euthanasia means that the patient has consented in the termination of life-support or medical treatment while involuntary euthanasia is euthanasia in the absence of a consensus from the patient. This may be due to the inability of the patient to make decisions for himself in whom close relatives are given the right to decide for them (Pregnant Pause, 2001). Assisted suicide is another form of killing although it is difficult to determine whether it classifies as a form of euthanasia or not. In this method, the doctor gives the patient access to ways to end his/her life. The doctor has no direct involvement because he will not administer the drug to the patient. The patient then has to make the decision if he/she would use the provided means to end his/her life. This is assisted suicide (Pregnant Pause, 2001). Now, looking at the moral and ethical aspects, euthanasia, depending on how it is performed and the circumstances when it is performed determines whether is right or wrong. If the euthanasia is passive or voluntary, then, there is not much issue because the patient is aware of the consequences and he has consented but when euthanasia is active or involuntary, many ethical issues may be encountered such as the value of life which troubles many religious groups. For involuntary euthanasia, the patient has not consented and the relatives are the ones that made the decision for them. The fear here is that the relatives might make the decision that the patient would not naturally want. This is a highly controversial topic also considering the financial implications of the death of the patient (Pregnant Pause, 2001). The use of morphine drips has always been associated with mercy killing. Morphine is particularly used as a pain reliever and its side effects include respiratory depression. Many believe that the use of morphine shortens the life of a person and many also fear its addictive properties. It is also perceived as a normal instrument for inducing euthanasia. A proper dose of morphine is not a big deal but in bigger doses, its medical components are being used to peacefully kill someone (Esolen, 2006). There are many possible scenarios wherein morphine drips can be used to help people who are in great pain. Technically, instantly increasing the dosage to potentially fatal levels, morphine drips may be considered as active euthanasia for those who have not developed a tolerance for the drug. However, on one aspect, this is better than passive euthanasia wherein you just let the patient writhe in pain as the medical staff do nothing to help. The use of morphine drips may be recognized as a humane way of mercy killing because morphine eliminates pain and ensures that the patient dies a painless death (Esolen, 2006) According to Dr. Thomas Preston,the use of morphine drips â€Å"is undeniably euthanasia, hidden by the cosmetics of professional tradition and language†. Continuous injection of morphine into the bloodstream will eventually lead to death due to cessation of the breathing function. Preston also indicated that the use of morphine drips is the â€Å"societys wink to euthanasia†. He also attested that euthanasia is now a widespread practice in spite of the existence of laws that prohibit such (When Death is Sought, 1997). If done intentionally, significantly increasing the dosage of morphine will undeniably cause death but characterizing morphine drips as a â€Å"covert form of euthanasia† is inaccurate. The relation of morphine drips and patient deaths has no clear relationship. Due to the fact they people rapidly develop a tolerance to the drug, doses may be increases and as long as the drug is properly administered, there seems to be no tolerance limit. The claim that morphine drips hastens the death of the patient who have not developed tolerance bears no ground (When Death is Sought, 1997). Euthanasia should not be much of a moral issue; instead it should be regarded as an opportunity to be able to help people. Sometimes, it is much better to die in comfort than to live in pain. Patients should be given the opportunity to choose between the two available options. If morphine drip is a viable and effective way to attain such, then, it should in no manner be banned from use. It is true that life is of utmost importance but when there is extreme pain and suffering, plus the fact that the patient would not be living long enough because of a terminal disease, ending life to end suffering is never a bad alternative. Euthanasia should be done when the patient requests it. It should also be recommended in medical practice whenever viable instead of providing false hopes. Some argue that as humans have a right to life but they also have a right to death. References Pregnant Pause. 20 November 2001. Types of Euthanasia. Retrieved April 14, 2008, from pregnantpause. org/euth/types. htm Anthony, Esolen. 18 January 2006. Lethal Drips. Retrieved April 14, 2008, from http://merecomments. typepad. com/merecomments/2006/01/_in_the_matter_. html The New York State Task Force on Life and the Law. 1997 April. When Death is Sought. Retrieved April 14, 2008, from http://wings. buffalo. edu/faculty/research/bioethics/suppl. html

Impromptu Speech Activities for Elementary Students

Impromptu Speech Activities for Elementary Students Learning how to deliver an impromptu speech is part of meeting the oral communications standards. Use the following activities to help students practice their presentation skills. Activity 1: Speech Fluency The purpose of this exercise is for students to practice speaking clearly and fluently. To begin the activity, pair students together and have them choose a topic from the list below. Next, give students about thirty to sixty seconds to think about what they are going to say in their speech. Once they have gathered their thoughts, have students take turns presenting their speech to one another. Tip - To keep students on track, give each group a timer and have them set it for one minute for each presentation. Also, create a handout that students must fill out after their speech to give their partner feedback on the positives and negatives of their presentation. Possible Questions to Include in the Handout Was the message clear?Were the ideas organized?Did they speak fluently?Was their audience engaged?What can they do better next time? Topics to Choose From Favorite bookFavorite foodFavorite animalFavorite sportFavorite school subjectFavorite vacationFavorite holiday Activity 2: Impromptu Practice The purpose of this activity is for students to gain experience delivering one to two-minute impromptu speech presentations. For this activity, you can put students into groups of two or three. Once the group is chosen, have each group select a topic from the list below. Then allow each group five minutes to prepare for their task. After the five minutes is up, each individual from the group takes turns delivering their speech to the group. Tip- A fun way for students to get feedback is to have them record their presentation and watch (or hear) themselves on tape. The iPad is an excellent tool to use, or any video or audio recorder will work just fine. Topics to Choose From Any of the aboveGood newsExplain the rules of your favorite gameExplain how to make your favorite mealExplain your daily routine Activity 3: Persuasive Speech The purpose of this activity is for students to gain knowledge on how to give a persuasive speech. First, use the list of persuasive language techniques to give students examples of what should be included in their speech. Then, group students into pairs and have them each choose a topic from the list below. Give students five minutes to brainstorm a sixty-second speech that will persuade their partner to their point of view. Have students take turns delivering their speeches and then fill out the feedback form from Activity 1. Tip- Allow students to jot down notes or key words on an index card. Topics to Choose From Any current eventConvince listeners why you should be the presidentTry to sell the listeners the clothes you are wearingConvince the teacher to not give homework for a weekTry to convince the school board why they should have better food in the cafeteria Persuasive Language Techniques Emotional appeal: The speaker plays on peoples emotions, can manipulate the reader by triggering an emotional response.Descriptive language: The speaker uses words that are lively and vivid and engages the reader by inducing an emotion or producing a picture for them.Emotive language: The speaker uses language that plays on peoples feelings. There is a deliberate use of words to provoke an emotional response.Inclusive Language: The speaker uses language that engages the audience and sounds friendly.Alliteration: The speaker uses the same letter in two or more words to persuade by adding emphasis and reinforcing the meaning. (ex. cruel, calculating, and crooked)

Adventist Music Guidelines Essays

Adventist Music Guidelines Essays Adventist Music Guidelines Essay Adventist Music Guidelines Essay however, implies that the dead go through that bright shining celestial door to Heaven. Therefore, that song is theologically unsound in the context of the Seventh-day Adventist Church, no matter how poetic the text, or how lovely the melody. As mentioned earlier, the text is indeed more equal than the musical element. However, without the tune, the text could never have the impact that comes from being coupled with good music that adds a new dimension.25 Even though the musical part plays an important role in church music as a whole, the message of the text which should not be overpowered by accompanying elements must take precedence.26 This means that when the congregation sings they should not be excessively caught up with that catchy melody and/or rhythm; the singers should strive to sing out as clearly as possible, so that the text of the hymns or songs is very audible. Therefore, the hymns and songs should be sung in a clear, natural voice. It is not loud singing that is needed, but clear intonation, correct pronunciation, and distinct utterance, so that Gods praise can be sung in clear, soft tones, not with harshness and shrillness that offend the ear.27 Mrs. White mentions that The long drawn-out notes and peculiar soundsare not pleasing to the angel.The songs in which every word is uttered clearly, in a musical tone are the songs that [the angels] join us in singing.28 Singing clearly is not enough, though. The singing should also be done with conviction and understandingthe singers should know and believe what they are singing. God is glorified by songs of praise from a pure heart filled with love and devotion to Him.29 In other words, the singers must not sing for the sake of singing, but they should sing from the heart. Only then will the hymns and songs become worthy of glorifying God. And the nearer the people of God can approach to correct, harmonious singing, the more He is glorified.30 The vocal treatment of the songs and hymns is just as important as the performance of the music. This applies mostly to the special music part of the worship service, when the congregation listens to the music being performed up front. The music itself might glorify God, but so must the singers and/or instrumentalists in their performance. In fact, The nuance which the performer brings to the presentation of a particular piece is a most important contributor to its power as a communicative medium.31 The performers of music in the worship music must be careful not to let themselves be the stars, or get all the limelight. They should keep one thing straight: they are singing (or playing whatever instruments) for the Lord, not performing just to get the attention, praise, and admiration of the congregation. Therefore, they must bring across the right message that they are praising God in their music. It is very important that the right Person is exalted in the church: God, not man himse lf. Since God is the One being glorified, He deserves the attention. Therefore, anything which calls for undue attention to the performer(s) such as excessive, affected bodily movement or inappropriate dress, should find no place in witnessing.32 Also, there should be no theatricality and prideful display when the singers and/or instrumentalists perform. If they perform with the objective of impressing the congregation with their refined abilities, then they are in the wrong place33they should not be playing music in church. Most, if not all, the music guidelines in worship service also apply towards music in evangelism. The songs should contain texts which are compatible with the Biblical teachings and beliefs of the church; the songs should be sung clearly. One point has to be stressed in this context: the performersthe music evangelistsshould bear witness for Christ, not bring glory to themselves. However, one aspect unique to evangelism is the audience. In evangelism, the audience can be considered as the target group; after all, the audience in this case are the people to whom the gospel message is directed. Therefore, it is vitally important to consider the audience as a whole in the choice of music. Factors like the general age-groups and religious backgrounds should be examined. The point is to identify the audience. Evangelism is like a bridge in some ways. The Christians are reaching out to the believers with the gospel message. Therefore, in evangelism the appropriate music is like an effective bridge, because the music then becomes a proper evangelistic tool. However, no matter who the audience is, the music must be honest and sincere. It must bemusic which rings true to itself. There must be no falseness and pretense about it.34 Simply said, the music must tell of the gospel message in a clear, unambiguous way. In this section about evangelism, the focus will be on youth as the audience. In youth evangelism, evangelists have chosen certain musical idioms which the youth can relate to. One of these musical idioms is rhythm, or better known as the beat. Most musical scholars agree that music is a combination of three things: melody, harmony, and rhythm. To be complete, the music needs to keep in equilibrium all the three components; for example, the beat should not dominate to the extent of overpowering the tune and the lyrics of the song.35 Therefore, in the use of youth-related musical idioms like the strong sense of beat, there must be a balance between the main tune of the song and its other componentsrhythm and harmony. It is not wrong to use carefully selected contemporary music in evangelism, agrees Mr. Staples, a missionary, as long as the music does not bear too much resemblance to secular musiccomplete with the overtones of violence, drugs, and sex.36 However, whatever the music chosen for evangelism, the guidelines must still apply, because The desire to reachyouth where they are with the gospel of Christ leads to the use of certain questionable musical idioms.37 These questionable musical idioms should be carefully examined with the music guidelines to church music as the standards. As a matter of fact, Mrs. White had something prophetic to say back in l900 when she heard certain kinds of music to which she was against. She wrote: Every uncouth thing will be demonstrated. There will be shouting, with drums, music, and dancing. The sense of rational beings will become so confused that they cannot be trusted to make right decisions. And this is called the moving of the Holy Spirit. The Holy Spirit never reveals itself in such methods, in such a bedlam of noise.38 Even though it is fine to use selected contemporary music elements, the music evangelists must be careful not be overly occupied in the music as to the extent of breaking the rules (i.e. guidelines) in the effort to evangelize. In youth evangelism, there should be no compromise of standards, in particular, the standards of church music. Never compromise high principles of dignity and excellence in efforts to reach people where they are.39 In their evangelistic efforts the evangelists are not follow the ways of the world.40 Mrs. White said that instead of bringing the truth to a low level in order to obtain converts, they should seek to bring the sinful corrupted up to the high standard of the law of God.41 Music has been around for ages. It has also been used in the church for a good period of time; and in more ways than one, it has been (and no doubt will be) an important part of the church. However, times have been (and still are) changing, therefore the context and circumstances of church music have not remained stagnant. But the important thing to remember is that the guidelines must be kept in sight so that the ultimate goal of the Christian of glorifying and praising God is not blurred through the years. Since music is a medium in which the blending of the best and the worst can be done more subtly than through any other media form,42 the christians will have to be extra careful in the selection of music for church use. In conclusion, Dr. Lickey, a church musician, has this to say about judging the music for church use: Responsible Christians would not seek to see how close to the edge of purity they could get but would rather turn their backs to the world.43

Pay them by their performance and everyone benefits As a statement of Essay - 1

Pay them by their performance and everyone benefits As a statement of management - Essay Example Quite understandably, these people were in search for a formula or the prominent factors, which can affect these above mentioned variables. This search led these experts to many new concepts and approaches and out of them â€Å"pay for performance† is one of the most debated, and discussed ones. This paper, therefore, focuses on the same concept and is an attempt to analyze and explore different dimensions to this concept. It is important to understand that this system cannot come under study in isolation with the other systems of fixed pay systems. This is because that actually shortcomings and problems within the existing systems led to the discovery and creation of pay for performance. In fact, pay for performance was an attempt by organizational experts to rectify the problems with the fixed pay plans. One of the biggest problems with fixed pay plans was their inability to motivate employees to put in the extra effort. Employees were asking themselves that why should they put in extra effort into their jobs when they are not getting any rewards for the same. Tangible or intangible rewards are quite understandably the biggest motivational factors of the employees most of the times, and without their presence, life became miserable for the mangers who want extra quality work from their employees. Moreover, this was the time in the history when the market was increasingly becoming a ruthless and aggr essive place, when their bosses asked managers and company heads to continue a two-fold goal of cutting the costs and increasing the productivity of the organization and both at the same time. This eventually meant that the managers would have to motivate the employees to put in more effort with the same rewards, pay, or remuneration. As mentioned above, this was certainly not possible. This situation was problematic from two sides of the picture. The first side of

Diagnosis of the Situation of Google Research Paper

Diagnosis of the Situation of Google - Research Paper Example According to the research in this era of globalization and industrialization, introduction of information technology (IT) has changed the entire scenario of business world. IT is the technique which is mainly concerned with the technology in order to deal with varied types of information. It mainly deals with attainment, processing, storage and distribution of verbal, graphic, textual and numerical facts with the help of microelectronic techniques such as computers. IT mainly includes wide ranges of computer software, programming language and hardware, which transmit information into visual design with the help of multimedia. Thus, it can be depicted that introduction of internet services enabled the connection of several worldwide users into a single framework with the help of ‘internet protocol suites’ (IPS). IT or more specifically, internet service acted as a revolution, which changed the entire global economy. IT is one of the most successful strategies whose implem entation enhanced the market share and the brand recognition of many search engines namely Google, MSN, AOL, Yahoo and Ask Jeeves among others. Besides, Google is the most reputed player in this context. IT has created high impact on the global environment, which eased both individual and business activities thereby augmenting the pace of growth of varied search engines. Google Inc. is a reputed multinational corporation of the United States of America specializing in software and internet based services. It has gained worldwide prominence due to it service of online search engine, which is utilized by varied users all around the world in order to accumulate various information and facts. It mainly operates through online websites and file transfer protocol (FTP) servers, which are vital for the transmission of varied facts and figures from one place to the other. Google web exploration engine is primly owned by Google Inc. The prime objective of Google web exploration engine is to investigate several information and data in numerous online web pages. Moreover, it also helps in interconnecting individuals located far apart. Prior to the implementation of IT, the business scenario of Google was entirely different as compared to recent times. Prior to ‘dot.com bubble’, in the year 2000, the market share of Google was lower than one percent (The Center for Research on Information Technology and Organizations, 2007). Google Inc. gained momentum after the introduction of IT techniques as one of its corporate strategies. After implementation of IT, the brand image and recognition of Google enhanced to a larger extent, which proved rather beneficial for the organization. It helped to improve the profitability of Google by US$100 billion, thereby positioning itself as the market leader among others. The market share also increased by 57.81 percent by 2004 and it increased to about 66.63 percent by the year 2006, which is quite noteworthy (The Center for R esearch on Information Technology and Organizations, 2007). Hence, it can be depicted that the identity and uniqueness of Google altered due to the adaptation of IT tactics. Problems/Issues That Need To Be Addressed Although Google is a reputed and renowned organization in the world, it is facing quite a few problems,

Research Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words - 7

Research - Essay Example The increase in crime is brought about by the creation of more hardened, violent criminals who are more likely to break the law and end up back in a prison. The number of prisoners currently is six times more than they were during the 1980’s. The rate of imprisonment is currently increasing along with the number of prisoners. The chart below shows the increase of number of incarcerated citizens from 1920-2006. Prison overcrowding is an issue that needs to be addressed by the General Assembly, so as to authorize the expansion of the correctional institutions. This study will focus also on programs and or activities that address the needs of inmates in a crowded prison. Inmate program or activities keep them productive and provides a powerful incentive for positive behavior maintenance, and has proved to be an effective management plan in prisons. This means that programs bring something constructive that inmates can do and learn; thus, creating less time for negative behaviors, meets inmates basic needs, assigns inmates to housing, define and convey expectations of inmate behavior, and supervise inmates. This makes the staff work environment safer with reduced violence and hostility threats. Effective jail program planning assimilates an assessment of jail and inmate needs with evidence-based programs. These programs are aimed to assess the needs of inmates in an overcrowded prison. These programs are divided into three types mainly: activity-focused, reformative, and reintegration. Activity-focused programs aim at keeping inmates busy w hile they are still in custody. Reformative programs offer inmates with knowledge and skills; this is vital as it addresses their personal needs. Reintegration programs concoct inmates for their reappearance to the community as productive citizens. Assessment of these programs will be done to demonstrate that even in situations where correctional facilities have minimal resources; the correctional professionals can plan,